Ancient Coin Stories

Death of Amyntas I of Macedon. Alexander I becomes king.

Macedon under Alexander I is made fully subordinate to Persia.

Aegina plays a significant role in the Greek naval victory against the Persian Empire in the Battle of Salamis. Byblos, Arados, Tyre, Halikarnassos under Artemisia, Kos, and Sidon support Darius. Chalkis and Kythnos support the Greek effort. Alexander I serves as a peace negotiator on behalf of the Persians.

Despite being with the Persians, Alexander I alerts the Greeks of the Persian’s plans before the Battle of Platea.

Alexander I takes advantage of the weakened state of the Persian Empire after its defeat in the Persian Wars to expand Macedonian territory. He annexes parts of Thrace and increases his influence over Thessaly.

Alexander I is granted the right to compete in the Olympic Games, an important sign of Macedon’s acceptance into the broader Greek cultural sphere.

Death of Alexander I of Macedon. He is succeeded by his son Perdikkas II.

Approximate birth year of Ataxerxes III Okhos to Artaxerxes II and Queen Stateira.

Approximate birth year of Ariarathes I.

Klearchos is born.

Estimated birth of Antipater.

Amyntas III tasks Derdas II with killing Amyntas the Little, a rival for the throne.

Amyntas III of Macedon transfers territory to Olynthos of the Chalkidian League.

Amyntas III takes power after assassinating the previous king, Pausanias.

Amyntas III driven out of Macedon by Illyrians.

Amyntas III recovers Macedon with the help of Thessaly and particularly Larissa.

Alexander II is born, likely as the eldest son of King Amyntas III of Macedon and Queen Eurydice I.

The Gauls, led by Brennus, sack Rome after the Battle of the Allia.

Amyntas III adopts the Athenian general Iphikrates, who has marriage ties to Kotys I.

Mazaios is born.

Approximate birth of Pumiathon.

Approximate birth year of Polyperchon.

Amyntas III appeals to the Spartans against the Chalkidian League. Akanthos, Argilos, and Stageira also claim that membership was forced upon them. Potidaia is separated from the League.

Antigonos I Monophthalmos is born.

Philip II is born in Pella to Eurydike I and Amyntas III.

Approximate birth of Memnon of Rhodes, presumably in Rhodes.

Rough birth year of Antigenes.

Approximate birth of Darius III under the name Artashata.

Approximate birth year of Nektanebo II.

The Spartans and Macedonians under Amyntas III destroy Olynthos after two initial defeats. Derdas II participates on the winning side.

Theopompos, a historian credited with the most complete history of Philip II, is born on Chios.

Approximate year of birth of Phila, daughter of Derdas II.

Estimated birth year of Laomedon.

Amyntas III supports Athens‘ claim over Amphipolis.

Amyntas III dies. Alexander II ascends to the throne as King of Macedon.

Jason of Pherai, father of Alexander of Pherai, is murdered, after which his brother Polydoros takes the throne.

Polyphron kills his brother Polydoros and takes the throne of Pherai. His nephew, Alexander, survives.

Alexander II faces a threat from Ptolemy of Aloros, a Macedonian noble who seeks to usurp the throne.

Alexander of Pherai murders his uncle Polyphron and takes the throne of Pherai.

The Theban general Pelopidas intervenes in Macedonian affairs, leading an expedition to secure Alexander II‘s position. However, Alexander is forced to agree to a treaty that acknowledges Theban influence and sends his brother Philip II to Thebes as a hostage.

Alexander II intervenes in Thessaly to support the city of Larissa against the tyrant Alexander of Pherae.

Alexander II is assassinated by Ptolemy of Aloros, who had conspired against him. Ptolemy becomes regent for Alexander’s younger brother, Perdikkas III.

The Theban Pelopidas is sent to negotiate with Alexander of Pherai, who throws him in prison.

Ptolemy I Soter is born.

Athenian forces under Chares relieve Phlious, which was besieged by Arkadians and Argives.

Alexander of Pherai massacres the inhabitants of Skotussa.

Athens under the general Chares attempt to take Oropos, which had been taken by Sikyon with the support of Thebes, but the Athenians are forced to withdraw.

Autophradates besieged Ariobarzanes, who was participating in the Great Satraps Revolt, in Adramytteion.

Autophradates lay siege to Ariobarzanes in Assos. In exchange for Athenian support, Ariobarzanes gifts them Sestos.

Spithridates is appointed the satrap of Lydia by Artaxerxes II.

Perdikkas III kills Ptolemy Aloros and takes charge of the Macedonian government.

Klearchos obtains a band of mercenaries and takes control of Herakleia Pontika.

Philip II returns to Macedon from Thebes.

Thebes defeats Alexander of Pherai at the Battle of Cynoscephalae, but their general Pelopidas is killed.

Pumiathon ascends the throne of Kition after the death of his father Melekiaton.

With Theban power down after the death of Epaminondas, Alexander of Pherai takes Tinos and sells the inhabitants as slaves, then besieges Peparethos. Athens defeats Alexander near Sounion and relieves Peparethos. Alexander then plunders Piraios.

Approximate year when Mazaios becomes satrap of Cilicia.

Marriage of Phila, daughter of Derdas II, to Philip II.

Chares is given control of the Athenian fleet after Leosthenes’ defeat by Alexander of Pherai. Chares sails to Korkyra and manages to enrage them.

Agathokles of Syracuse born at Thermai Himeraia.

Marriage of Audata to Philip II.

Lysimachos is born in Krannon or Pella.

Kersebleptes inherits the Odrysian throne from Kotys I.

Kotys I is murdered in Thrace. Amatokos II becomes king.

Perdikkas III attempts to take upper Macedonia from the Illyrians, but he is defeated and killed. His infant son Amyntas IV becomes king.

The Egyptian army under Teos, with Nektanebo II in attendance, pacifies much of the countryside, takes temples, and raises taxes.

Philip II bribes Paeonia (either Lykkeios or his predecessor Agis) to avoid an invasion of Macedonia.

Philip II takes Macedonia from his nephew Amyntas IV and declares himself king. Amyntas IV is spared.

Philip II defeats a force of 3000 Athenian hoplites promoting a pretender Argaios II.

Lykkeios becomes king of Paeonia.

The Paeonians under Lykkeios are defeated by Philip II.

Marriage of Philinna, from Larissa, to Philip II.

Seleukos I Nikator is born in Macedon.

Revolt of Artabazos II with Mentor and Memnon of Rhodes as his generals.

Ataxerxes III Okhos ascends to the throne as Artaxerxes III after the death of Artaxerxes II.

After being turned down by his mercenaries, Teos of Egypt flees to Persia and Nektanebo II becomes ruler of Egypt.

Philip II undertakes a campaign to subjugate the Chalkidike Peninsula, including Aineia.

Philip II of Macedon conquers Amphipolis.

Kersebleptes, in a bid against Philip II, turns over all the cities of the Chersonese to Athens except for Kardia.

Birth of daughter Kynane to Audata and Philip II.

Marriage of Olympias to Philip II.

Birth of Philip III to Philinna and Philip II.

Philip II defeats the Illyrians.

Philip II takes Pydna. He is supposed to give up Amphipolis to Athens in exchange, but ends up keeping both cities.

Kersebleptes agrees to partition the Odrysian kingdom with Amatokos II and Berisades.

Neoptolemos I, father of Alexander I Molossos, dies. His brother Arybbas, with whom he had jointly ruled Epeiros, becomes the sole king.

Chios, Paros, Rhodes, Kos, and Byzantion revolt against Athens in the Social War. Myrina and Hephaistia on Lemnos and Imbros (Athenian allies) are ravaged and Samos is besieged. After bungling by the Athenian general Chares, Persia demands Athens leave and Athens, running out of money, complies.

Alexander of Pherai is murdered by the brothers of his wife Thebe, Teisiphon, Lykophron and Peitholaos at Pherai.

Ketriporis assumes the throne of western Thrace from Berisades.

Ketriporis enters an alliance with Athens, the Illyrians, and the Paeonians (probably under Lykkeios) against Philip II.

Philip II occupies Krenides and renames it to Philippi.

Potidaia is occupied by Philip II.

Kersebleptes plots with his brother-in-law Charidemos to eliminate Ketriporis and Amatokos.

Chares given joint command of the Athenian forces. They choose not to engage with the enemy, and Chares and Aristophon prosecute their colleague Iphicrates for the event. He is acquitted.

Artaxerxes III Okhos dimisses Artabazos II from the satrapy of Hellespontine Phrygia, causing him to revolt.

Alexander the Great is born in Pella, Macedon

Approximate birth of Perdikkas.

The Athamanians join Philip II in the Third Sacred War against Phokis.

Approximate year when Ketriporis is subjugated by Philip II.

Birth of Kassander to an unknown mother and Antipater.

Artaxerxes III Okhos sends Autophradates and Mausalos, along with the help of Chares, to quell the satrap revolt under Artabazos II.

Birth of historian Hieronymos in Kardia, who documented the history of Eumenes and Ptolemy I.

Artabazos II enlists the help of Thebes, but he is defeated by forces under Artaxerxes III Okhos. Artabazos flees to the court of Philip II.

Approximate birth of Kleopatra to Olympias and Philip II.

Philip II besieges Methone. He takes the city but loses an eye in the process.

Philip II takes Pagasai at the request of the Thessalian League and Thebes.

Androkles of Amathos sails with the Aegean fleet of Pharnabazos III and Autophradates.

Orontas revolts again and takes Pergamon. He eventually reconciles with Artaxerxes III and ends the revolt.

Kersebleptes and Philip II plan joint action against Amatokos II. The agreement breaks down, and Kersebleptes allies with Athens and attacks Amatokos II himself.

Philip II attacks Abdera and Maroneia.

Philip II defeats Lykophron of Pherai, who had been supported by Onomarchos.

Chares takes up service with the breakaway satrap Artabazos. Artaxerxes III Okhos pressures Athens, and Chares is forced to leave. Artabazos then hires Thebans.

Athens sends Chares against the breakaway Sestos. He takes the city, massacres the men, and sells the women and children as slaves.

Klearchos is murdered at Herakleia Pontika by Chion and Leon. His brother Satyros takes over.

Satyros murders the families, including the children, of all who took part in the assassination of his brother, Klearchos, in Herakleia Pontika. However, he protects his brothers’ children, including Dionysios.

Philip II attacks and defeats Kersebleptes due to his attack on Amatokos II, who disappears from sources. Teres II seems to take over.

Philip II intervenes in a dispute between Pelinna and Pharkadon. Pharkadon is destroyed and Pelinna becomes an ally of Macedon.

Beginning of reign of Pnytagoras in Salamis.

Another major rebellion erupts in Sidon against Persian control, led by Tennes (Tabnit), the king of Sidon, who initially receives support from Egypt and Cyprus. However, Artaxerxes III besieges Sidon and defeats the rebels. The Persians destroy Sidon in retaliation, leading to a massacre where thousands of Sidonians die.

Artaxerxes III Okhos attempts to re-take Egypt, but is completely defeated by Nektanebo II.

Estimated birth of Alexarchos, son of Antipater.

Abdera and Akanthos conquered by Philip II of Macedon.

Alexander I Molossos brought to Macedon under Philip II for his protection.

Philip II takes Neapolis and uses it as the harbor of Philippi.

Philip II besieges and takes Pharkadon.

Approximate birth year of Ophellas.

Demetrios of Phaleron is born in Phaleron, a port of Athens.

Athens sends Chares to aid Olynthos. He attempts to ambush Philip II at Neapolis, but is easily tricked and accomplishes nothing.

Philip II conquers Olynthos and thus destroys the Chalkidian League.

Teres II allies with Philip II against Kersebleptes and keeps his throne.

Parmenion, a general of Philip II, destroys Halos during the Third Sacred War.

Kardia signs and agreement with Philip II.

When Philip II marches against Kersebleptes, Athenian troops under Chares are sent against Macedonia. However, they soon disappear and Athens has no idea what happened to them.

Philip II hands over Orchomenos and Koroneia to Thebes.

Lilaia is destroyed by Philip II during the Third Sacred War.

Approximate marriage of Nikesipolis, maybe the nice of Jason of Pherai, to Philip II.

Alexander the Great obtains the horse Bucephalus.

Death of Satyros of Herakleia Pontika. Timotheos, the son of Klearchos, takes over and makes his brother Dionysios a joint ruler.

Delos appeals to Philip II of Macedon to intervene in Athens control over them, but he chooses not to go against Athens at the time.

Birth of daughter Thessalonika to Nikesipolis and Philip II. Nikesipolis dies a few days later.

Philip II is severely wounded in the leg in a campaign against the Ardiaioi.

Artaxerxes III recognizes Pnytagoras as king of Salamis in exchange for loyalty.

Chares spends several years relaxing at Sigeion, where he has taken control.

Philip II annexes Larissa into Macedonia.

Artaxerxes III Okhos sends his satraps Belesys and Mazaios to retake Sidon, Tyre, and Byblos. The Persians are defeated by the Phoenicians, supported by Nektanebo II and Mentor of Rhodes.

The Athenians attempt to place more settlers in Kardia, but they are repulsed. Philip II sends troops in aid.

Knossos is an ally of Philip II of Macedonia.

Approximate birth of Philetairos.

The major cities in Cyprus – Salamis under Pnytagoras, Kourion, Paphos, and Soloi – rebel against Artaxerxes III Okhos. He sends Idreios along with the Athenian Phokion to quell the rebellion.

Alexander the Great begins tutoring with Aristotle.

Arrtaxerxes III Okhos successfully reconquers Egypt, ending its independence under Pharaoh Nektanebo II.

Agathokles moves with his father, a potter, to Syracuse.

Agathokles begins his military career serving in the army of Syracuse under the leadership of Timoleon.

Antipater is selected by Philip II to govern Macedonia while he is on campaign.

Philip II grants Apollonides governing power in Kardia.

Marriage of Meda, a Thracian princess, to Philip II.

Philip II leads a campaign against the Skythians.

Pumiathon or Kition purchases the kingdom of Tamassos, rich in copper, for 50 talents. Its king then retires to Amathos.

Artaxerxes III enters Memphis and installs a satrap. Nektanebo II flees to Nubia.

Parties friendly to Philip II take over Histaia, but Athens send troops and retakes the city.

Kabyle conquered by Philip II.

Demosthenes gives an oration against Philip II to his fellow Athenians concerning the conflict at Kardia.

Philip II undertakes a campaign against Thrace and presumably ousts Kersebleptes and Teres II.

Either Memnon of Rhodes or his brother Mentor capture Hermeios, tyrant of Atarneos, and put him to death.

Approximate birth year of Chandragupta Maurya.

Approximate birth year of Pleistarchos to Antipater.

Philip II besieges Perinthos. It is believed this is the battle where Antigonos Monophthalmos loses an eye.

Alexander drives the Maedi tribe from Macedonian territory while his father Philip II wages a campaign against the Thracians.

Chares is sent by Athens to aid Byzantion against Philip II. However, Byzantion refuses to open their gates to him and he accomplishes nothing.

Samothrace is incorporated into Macedon by Philip II.

After the death of his brother, Mentor, Memnon of Rhodes marries his widow Barsine.

Probable birth year of Amastris to Oxyathres, the brother of Darius III.

Ada is usurped by her brother Pixodaros in Halikarnassos.

A stele from this year puts Elaios in charge of Chares of Athens and provides privileges to its inhabitants.

Nektanebo II is besieged by Artaxerxes III in Memphis. He eventually flees north.

Philip II with Alexander III enters Phokis and seizes Elataia, then improves its fortifications.

Alexander is dispatched by Philip II to quell revolts in southern Thrace. The two then campaign together and Alexander by some accounts saves his father’s life in Perinthos.

Kallatis taken by Macedonia under Philip II.

Memnon of Rhodes aids Byzantion in withholding a siege by Philip II.

Philip II unsuccessfully besieges Odessos.

Artaxerxes III Okhos finally succeeds in re-conquering Egypt under Nektanebo II, with the help of mercenaries from Argos, Thebes, and Mentor of Rhodes.

The Aetolian League receives Naopaktos from Philip II.

Ambrakia is besieged by Philip II of Macedon. Although Corinth and Athens come to its aid and prevent its complete destruction, Ambrakia is forced to accept a Macedonian garrison.

Alexander III and Philip II defeat Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea. Argos and Stratos fight on the side of Philip, while Corinth, Megara, Epidauros, and Troizen participate with Thebes. Chares is one of the Athenian commanders, but escapes blame.

Chares is sent by Athens to help Amphissa, but he is defeated by Philip II.

Marriage of Kleopatra Eurydike to Philip II. The marriage is seen as a direct insult to Alexander III.

Khabash leads a rebellion against Persian rule, but it is defeated. Nektanebo II may have helped the rebellion.

Death of Timotheos of Herakleia Pontika. His brother Dionysios is now the sole ruler.

The court eunuch Bagoas orchestrates the death of Artaxerxes III Okhos through poisoning by his own physician. Most of his sons are also killed. Bagoas then places Arses on the throne.

Adea Eurydike is born (suspected year).

Birth of Demetrios Poliorketes to Stratonike and Antigonos Monophthalmos.

Alexander the Great flees Macedon after his father Philip II marries a woman whose heir could be a threat to his throne.

Olympias flees from her husband Philip II and attempts to persuade her brother, Alexander I Molossos, to attack Macedon. Alexander instead decides to seal a marriage alliance with Philip for Kleopatra.

Antipater is sent by Philip II to Athens to negotiate a peace treaty.

Aristotle moves from the court of Philip II, where he was the tutor to Alexander III, to Mytilene, where his friend Theophrastos lives.

Sestos joins the Philip II led League of Corinth.

A pro-Macedonian movement in Ephesos is crushed with the help of Autophradates.

Laomedon, Harpalos, Nearchos, and Ptolemy are exiled by Philip II due to their involvement in the Pixodaros affair with Alexander III.

Pixodaros offers his daughter to Philip III Arrhidaios. Alexander the Great offers his hand instead and when Philip II hears about the matter, he calls it off.

Abydos besieged by the Macedonian general Parmenion under Philip II.

The Aetolian League, Athens, and Thebes revolt against Macedon after the death of Philip II.

Philip II sends Parmenion, Attalos, Amyntas, and Kalas to the Troad to prepare for an invasion. They are defeated by Memnon of Rhodes.

Parmenion and Attalos, generals of Philip II, take Lesbos, including Methymna and Mytilene.

The Philippeion is constructed by either Philip II or Alexander III (then later) at Olympia.

Lysimachos is first appointed as a bodyguard of Alexander III along with Balakros.

Memnon of Rhodes is tasked by Darius III with taking Kyzikos and nearly does. It is defended by Kalas.

Arses attempts to gain freedom from Bagoas on the Persian throne, but is poisoned and killed by him. Bagoas places Darius III on the throne.

Bagoas attempts to poison Darius III, who orders Bagoas to drink it. Bagoas dies.

Alexander the Great becomes King of Macedon when his father, Philip II, is murdered at the wedding of his sister Kleopatra and Alexander I Molossos. Perdikkas helps chase down and kill the assassin.

Death of Lykkeios. Patraos becomes king of Paeonia.

Alexander the Great demolishes Thebes after a rebellion. Perdikkas is severely wounded in the battle. Orchomenos and Thespiai fight on the side of Alexander.

Abydos is besieged by Memnon of Rhodes, forcing Parmenion to give up his siege of Pitane.

Balakros becomes one of Alexander the Great‘s seven bodyguards.

Alexander the Great puts down balkan revolts.

Odessos surrenders to Alexander III.

Orchomenos is rebuilt with the help of Alexander III.

Alexander III travels through Pelinna on his way to Thebes.

Antigonos Monophthalmos serves as commander of the allied infantry under Alexander the Great.

Antigonos is appointed satrap of Phrygia by Alexander the Great.

Alexander the Great appoints Asandros as satrap of Lydia.

Menander is a commander of infantry under Alexander III.

Alexander the Great besieges and eventually takes Halikarnassos, which is strongly defended by Memnon of Rhodes.

Memnon of Rhodes urges Darius III to foster a rebellion in Greece, but Darius refuses out of distrust for Memnon since he is Greek.

Kalas appointed hipparch of the Thessalian cavalry by Alexander III.

Kalas assigned the satrapy of Hellespontine Phrygia by Alexander III.

Alexander I Molossos joins the city of Taras against Italic tribes. Kleopatra serves as regent of Epeiros.

Death of Pixodaros. Orontobates succeeds him as satrap of Caria.

With the arrival of Alexander the Great, Chares pays respects to him from Sigeion.

Alexander the Great crosses from Sestos to Abydos. He then visits Troy and returns to Abydos. On his way, he sacrifices at the tomb of Achilles at Achilleion.

The Persians are driven out of Assos and Ephesos by Alexander the Great.

Alexander the Great visits the temple to Protesilaos at Elaios.

Erythrai submits to Alexander the Great, who plans to create a canal on the peninsula to connect Teos to Smyrna.

Parmenion, a general of Alexander the Great, takes Gryneion, burns it, and sells the inhabitants as slaves.

Alexander the Great departs for Persia and leaves Antipater as regent of Macedonia.

Alexander the Great captures Kyzikos and commissions the effort to connect it to the mainland.

Anaximenes supposedly tricks Alexander III into not destroying Lampsakos.

Alexander III attempts to take Myndos, but is repulsed.

Alexander III decrees that citizens of Priene have the right to reside in Naulochos and certain privileges there.

Priapos surrenders to Panegoros, a general under Alexander III.

Alexander III takes Sardis and restores Lydian customs and laws.

Tralleis surrenders to Alexander III without incident.

The Battle of the Granicus, during which Alexander the Great defeated the Persians under Darius III, and after which Adramytteion and Kaunos come under his control. Kalas participates with the Thessalian cavalry under Parmenion. Perdikkas serves on the right.

Spithridates nearly kills Alexander III at the Battle of Granicus, but his arm is sheared off by Kleitos the Black before he can land the blow.

After the Battle of the Granicus, Dionysios of Herakleia Pontika increases his power and the size of his kingdom.

Kalas, Antigonos Monophthalmos, and Balakros supress Persian resistance to Macedonian authority.

Memnon of Rhodes uses a Persian fleet to secure Chios, then Antissa, Eresos, Mytilene, and Pyrrha.

Autophradates leads the Aegean fleet of Persia under the supreme command of Memnon of Rhodes. Azemilkos of Tyre accompanies him.

Memnon of Rhodes dies during a siege of Mytilene.

Memnon of Rhodes captures Methymna.

Sabakes, satrap of Egypt, dies at the Battle of Issos. Mazakes is appointed by Darius III to replace him.

Archon is honored at Delphi because his horses were victorious at the Pythian and Isthmian Games.

Balakros appointed satrap of Cilicia by Alexander the Great.

Chares is given command of Mytilene by Autophradates, but he is forced to surrender it to the Macedonians.

Autophradates and Pharnabazos III subjugate Mytilene.

Autophradates sails against Tenedos, who capitulate to him and the Persians.

Alexander the Great conquers Cilicia and Pisidia, including Aigai.Tarsos (where he became ill after a swim in the Kydnos River), Soloi, Sagalassos, and Issos.

Amathos under Androkles, Salamis, and Soloi in Cyprus submit to Alexander the Great after his victory over the Persian Empire at the Battle of Issos. Chios also comes under Macedon.

Alexander the Great captures Perge, then marches on to Aspendos. The inhabitants agree to taxes in exhange for being left alone, but as Alexander continues to Side and Sillyon, he learns that Aspendos did not ratify the taxes. Enraged, he turns his army around. Aspendos quickly surrenders, but this time Alexander gives them far harsher terms.

Exiles from Herakleia Pontika beg Alexander to remove Dionysios and restore their city to democracy. To protect his interests, Dionysios reaches out to Kleopatra, and on her behalf Alexander leaves him in place.

Alexander the Great arrives at Mallos, builds a bridge over the Pyramos, sacrifices to Amphilochos, and exempts it from paying taxes.

Polyperchon given command of the Tymphaean battalion by Alexander III.

Selge sends an embassy to Alexander III and obtains his friendship.

Alexander III fails to take Termessos.

Alexandria ad Issum founded by Alexander III.

Kleopatra organizes a shipment of grain to Corinth via Leukas.

Mazakes departs from Memphis and defeats the forces of Amyntas and kills him.

Agathokles marries the daughter of a wealthy Syracusan citizen, which helps him rise in social and political standing.

Andros receives a Macedonian garrison from Antipater.

Alexander III spends some time at Phaselis after its surrender.

Alexander the Great defeats Darius III at the Battle of Issos. Ptolemy I Soter serves on the left wing under Parmenion.

Laomedon put in charge of Persian prisoners from the Battle of Issos because he is bilingual.

Nikokreon of Salamis and Pasikrates of Soloi pay homage to Alexander III in Phoenicia and take part in games.

Menes is appointed a bodyguard of Alexander III along with Lysimachos.

Pnytagoras of Salamis is given Tamasos, previously the territory of Pumiathon of Kition, by Alexander the Great.

Androkles of Amathos, Pnytagoras of Salamis, and Pasikrates of Kourion join Alexander the Great at the Siege of Tyre, where their qinqueremes are destroyed.

The flagships of Pnytagoras of Salamis, Androkles of Amathos, and Pasikrates of Kourion are destroyed while anchored in the harbor of Tyre.

Alexander I Molossos defeats the Samnites and Lucanians. He makes a treaty with Rome.

Metapontion signs an alliance with Alexander I Molossos.

After the Persian defeat at Issos, the fleet of Autophradates diminishes and he travels to Crete.

Sidon, Byblos, and Arados under Gerostratos submit to Alexander the Great as he travels through Phoenicia.

Alexander the Great besieges Gaza for five months before finally taking it. He is badly wounded in the head during the encounter. He resettles the city with Bedouins.

Alexander the Great enters Egypt, where he is hailed as a liberator. He sacrifices to the gods at Memphis.

Alexander the Great completes the Siege of Tyre. 6000 soldiers are killed in the city, 2000 Tyrians are crucified on the beach, and 30,000 are sold into slavery. Their leader Azemilkos is pardoned but deposed. Gerostratos of Arados presumably plays a part.

Kleomenes of Naukratis made satrap of Egypt by Alexander III.

Mazakes surrenders Egypt to Alexander the Great.

Mallos gives ships to aid Alexander III in the Siege of Tyre.

Alexander III deposes Straton as king of Sidon.

Methymna is recaptured by Hegelochos, general for Alexander III.

Antipater deals with a rebellion in Thrace under Memnon of Thrace.

Nikokreon becomes king of Salamis with either the death or removal of Pnytagoras.

Mazaios is ordered by Darius III to prevent Alexander III from crossing the Euphrates, but he doesn’t have the numbers to accomplish this.

Alexander the Great visits the Oracle of Ammon in the Oasis of Siwa, where he is pronounced the son of Zeus. Ptolemy I Soter accompanies him.

Philoxenos supervises the collection of tribute for Alexander III in the territories north of the Taurus Mountains.

Alexander I Molossos is killed at the Battle of Pandosia when he is betrayed by Lucanians.

Alexander the Great enters Babylon after defeating Darius III at the Battle of Gaugamela.

Alexander the Great sends an exploratory mission to the Arabian Peninsula while preparing for his campaign in Mesopotamia.

Kyrene sends offers of friendship to Alexander the Great in Egypt, but do not come under Macedonian control.

Zopyrion, a general of Alexander III left in charge of Thrace, unsuccessfully attempts to take Olbia.

Samaria is destroyed by Alexander III.

Tenedos defects to Alexander III, but is then taken and its walls destroyed by Persia.

Tenedos is taken by Hegelochos, a general under Alexander III.

Ariarathid dynasty is founded by Ariarathes I.

King Agis III of Sparta revolts from Macedonia and besieges Megalopolis, forcing Antipater to act.

Menes delivers 3000 talents to Antipater to help pay for the war against Agis III of Sparta.

Menes appointed hyparch of Phoenicia, Syria, and Cilicia.

Menander becomes satrap of Lydia.

Alexandria, Egypt founded by Alexander the Great.

Alexander the Great returns to Memphis and is informed that the oracles at Didama and Erythrai proclaimed him a son of Zeus.

Alexander the Great leaves Egypt in pursuit of the Persians.

Alexander the Great defeats Darius III at the Battle of Gaugamela. Mazaios serves on the right flank of Darius.

Mazaios surrenders Babylon to Alexander III and he enters triumphantly. Mazaios is appointed satrap of Babylon.

Antigenes wins second prize in a military contest held at Sittakene and becomes chiliarch (command of 1000 men) of the hypaspists (type of infantry soldier).

Menander sends 2,600 Lydian infantry and 300 cavalry to Alexander III.

Alexander the Great pardons Autophradates and restores honors to him.

A food crisis erupts in the Greek world that was likely caused by Alexander the Great’s campaigns in the East, which disrupted traditional trade routes. Kyrene sends grain to many cities including Athens, Sparta, Rhodes, Thebes, Argos, and Atrax.

Alexander the Great loots Persepolis.

Kleopatra is listed as receiving grain from Kyrene.

Antipater defeats the Spartans under Agis III at Megalopolis. The Macedonians take many casualties, but Agis is killed.

Darius III is killed by his satrap Bessos and his body left for Alexander the Great to find.

Alexander the Great stops at Hekatompylos.

Alexander III is victorious at the Battle of the Persian Gate. The battalion of Perdikkas is crucial in the matter.

Alexander the Great invades Baktria, defeating Bessus (the satrap of Bactria who declared himself king after Darius III’s death) and taking control of the region.

Alexandria Eschate founded by Alexander the Great as his furthest outpost.

Death of Mazaios in Babylon by natural causes. Stamenes becomes satrap of Babylon.

Kleitos the White, as taxiarch, accompanies Perdikkas and Hephaistion to the Indos River.

Alexander marries Roxana, a Baktrian noblewoman, consolidating his control over the local elite and fortifying his hold on Baktria.

Peithon assumes control over a battalian at the Hydaspes.

Rough estimate for the death or removal of Kalas as satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia. Demarchos becomes satrap.

The remains of Alexander I Molossos are interred at Metapontion.

Archon serves as tirerarch of the Hydaspes fleet.

Ophellas commands a trireme on the Indus under Alexander III.

Alexander the Great defeats Poros at the Battle of the Hydaspes. His horse Bucephalus dies at its conclusion. Antigenes and Seleukos command hypaspists (special infantry) who cross the Hydaspes with Alexander.

Alexander III appoints Peithon satrap of India.

The Silver Shields founded in India by Alexander the Great with Antigenes as their commander.

Balakros is kiled while dealing with an insurrection by the Isaurians and Larandians.

Seuthes III revolts against Alexander III after his governor of Macedon, Zopyrion, is killed against the Getai.

Peithon and Perdikkas accompany Alexander the Great against the Mallians.

Perdikkas marries Atropates, the daughter of the Persian satrap of Medea, at Susa.

Antiochos I Soter is born in Babylon to Seleukos and Apama.

Lysimachos is honored with a ceremonial crown for his actions in India.

Koinos arrives in Persia with mercenaries to support Alexander III.

Seleukos I Nikator marries Apama at the Susa weddings.

Amastris married to Krateros by Alexander the Great at the Susa Weddings.

Alexander the Great discharges wounded and elderly veterans at Opis, including Antigenes, Krateros, Polyperchon, and White Kleitos.

Alexander the Great orders Krateros to replace Antipater as regent of Macedonia.

Alexander the Great meets his admiral Nearchos at Susa.

Death of Hephaistion, the best friend and probable lover of Alexander the Great.

Antigonos Monophthalmos refuses to aid Eumenes, which angers Perdikkas.

Eumenes is instructed by Perdikkas to take the satrapy from Ariarathes I.

Perdikkas assigns the satrapy of Lydia to Kleopatra and leaves Menander only in charge of the infantry.

Seleukos I Nikator heads the Companion Cavalry under Perdikkas.

Archon succeeds Stamenes as satrap of Babylon.

Antigonos retains the satrapy of Phrygia after the death of Alexander.

Ptolemy I Soter marries the Persian Artakama at Susa as ordered by Alexander III.

Lysimachos is appointed as the strategos of Thrace.

Koinos given rule of Susa.

Kassander sent by Antipater to meet with Alexander III at Babylon in favor of a continued regency.

Kassander returns to Macedonia from Babylon.

Philoxenos brings troops from Caria to Babylon.

Alexander plans an expedition to Arabia to explore and possibly conquer parts of the peninsula, but dies before they leave.

Alexander III promises to look past the misbehavior of Kleomenes of Naukratis if he builds a large monument to Hephaistion.

Kleopatra offers her hand to Leonnatos, who accepts, but is killed before the wedding takes place.

The Lamian War breaks out, pitting Athens, Thebes, Megara, Argos, and the Aetolian League against Antipater of Macedon.

Antipater barricaded in Herakleia Trachineia by Athens during the Lamian War.

Demarchos removed as satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia in favor of Leonnatos.

Menander arrives in Babylon with fresh troops.

Alexander IV and Philip III are chosen in Babylon as co-sovereigns.

Alexander the Great dies in Babylon, sparking the Wars of the Diadochi among his generals. Before dying, he gives his signet ring to Perdikkas.

Partition of Babylon. Abydos and Adramytteion come under control of Leonnatos. Egypt with Alexandria and Gaza are under Ptolemy. Baktria comes under Seleukos I Nikator. Asandros obtains Caria. Laomedon receives Koele-Syria.

Kynane of Macedon hatches a plan to marry her daughter, Adea Eurydike, to Philip III. She is killed by Alketas, the brother of Perdikkas, in the process, but soldiers are so disgusted at the murder that they escort Adea to Babylon.

Adea Eurydike is married to Philip III, most likely in Babylon.

Dionysios puts up a statue of joy in Herakleia Pontika after the death of Alexander. Exiles attempt to persuade Perdikkas to remove him, but through flattery he is able to remain in power.

Perdikkas besieges Isaura Palaia. Its inhabitants set it on fire and burn their wives and children alive rather than submit them to slavery.

Perdikkas invades Cappadocia, captures Ariarathes I, then impales him and his followers.

Perdikkas expels the settlers on Samos to Kolophon.

Kleomenes of Naukratis put to death by Ptolemy I on suspicion of favoring Perdikkas.

Kleopatra enters into negotiations to marry Perdikkas, who is already married to Nikaia, the daughter of Antipater. Eumenes acts as go-between while Kleopatra resides in Sardis.

Menander defects from Perdikkas to Antigonos Monophthalmos.

Laranda is destroyed by Perdikkas.

Alexander IV is born to Roxana in Babylon.

Chandragupta Maurya conquers the Nanda capital.

Capital of Magadha is besieged by Chandragupta Maurya.

Ptolemy I executes Kleomenes, the previous corrupt satrap.

Ophellas is sent by Ptolemy I to occupy Kyrene and succeeds.

Ptolemy I Soter marries Eurydike, the daughter of Antipater.

Lysimachos and Seuthes III fight to a draw and it appears make peace.

Dionysios of Herakleia Pontika marries Amastris, after her first husband Krateros divorces her to marry Phila, the daughter of Antipater.

After years of service in the army, Agathokles gains popularity and starts to accumulate power in Syracuse, becoming involved in political conflicts.

Antipater forced to retreat to Lamia and is there besieged.

Antipater and Krateros defeat Athens and the Aetolian League at the Battle of Krannon.

Kleitos the White defeats the Athenian fleet near Amorgos.

Demetrios of Phaleron purchases the debts of the philospher Xenokrates of Kalchedon, saving him from slavery.

Androkles of Amathos, Nikokreon of Salamis, Pasikrates of Soloi, and Nikokles of Paphos ally themselves with Ptolemy against Perdikkas.

Perdikkas loses trust in Archon and appoints Dokimos to take his place over Babylon.

Philoxenos appointed by Perdikkas to replace Philotas as satrap of Cilicia.

Partition of Triparadisos. Abydos is given to Arrhidaios. Susa goes to Antigenes. Antipater is left in charge of Macedonia and is entrusted with Alexander IV and Philip III. Asandros is confirmed with Caria. Kleitos the White receives Lydia, replacing Menander. Laomedon is confirmed as satrap of Koele-Syria. Peithon is confirmed in Kophen. Seleukos receives Babylon.

Adea Eurydike nearly turns troops against Antigonos I Monophthalmos and Antipater at the Treaty of Triparidisos and take control over Alexander’s empire, but is eventually subdued by Antipater.

Antigonos Monophthalmos with Demetrios Poliorketes and Antipater forge an alliance.

Antigonos Monophthalmos tasked with eliminated Eumenes at the Partition of Triparadisus.

Kassander assigned by Antipater as chiliarch to Antigonos Monophthalmos.

Ptolemy diverts the funeral carriage of Alexander the Great to Alexandria. Archon may have colluded with him on this.

Kyrene is considered part of the territory of Ptolemy I at the Treaty of Triparidisos.

Lysimachos marries Nikaia, the daughter of Antipater.

Antipater, Kassander, and Krateros cross into Asia with a large force.

Archon does not yield Babylon to Dokimos. There is a battle between them and Archon is wounded and later dies.

Antipater brings Roxana, Alexander IV, and Philip III with Adea Eurydike to Macedon.

Chandragupta Maurya attacks the Greek-Indian governors.

Approximate year of birth of Antigonos II to Demetrios Poliorketes and Phila.

Ptolemy I makes Nikokreon of Salamis strategos of Cyprus.

Antigonos Monophthalmos sails to and secures Cyprus. He is given aid by Dionysios of Herakleia Pontika. Antigonos thus marries his nephew Ptolemaios to Dionysios’ daughter.

The forces of Attalos, Dokimos, and Alketas are defeated by Antigonos Monophthalmos.

Asandros faces Alketas and Attalos in a battle that is indecisive.

Demetrios Poliorketes occupies Larissa Kremaste while at war with Kassander.

Birth of son Klearchos to Amastris and Dionysios of Herakleia Pontika.

Approximate birth of Magas.

Antigenes conveys treasure from Susa to Kyinda.

Seuthes III constructs Seuthopolis.

Antipater returns to Macedonia.

Perdikkas is killed by his own soldiers led by Seleukos, Peithon, and Antigenes after an unsuccessful campaign against Ptolemy I.

Adea Eurydike demands a share of the regency of Macedon after the death of Perdikkas.

Laomedon rejects an offer from Ptolemy I Soter to purchase Koele-Syria from him.

Ptolemy I sends a general to capture Laomedon and occupy Koele-Syria. He succeeds, but Laomedon escapes and joins Alketas.

Adea Eurydike forges an alliance with Kassander against Polyperchon.

Adramytteion seized by Antigonos I Monophthalmos.

Arrhidaios, the governor of Hellespontine Phrygia, besieges Kyzikos, who are under Antigonos Monophthalmos.

Antigonos Monophthalmos forces Termessos to give up Alketas. He then murders him and leaves.

Birth of Ptolemy Keraunos to Eurydike and Ptolemy I Soter.

Approximate birth of Pyrrhos.

Approximate year of marriage of Demetrios Poliorketes to Phila, the daughter of Antipater.

Antipater dies with Kassander at his side, but chooses Polyperchon as the new regent instead.

Birth of son Oxyathres to Amastris and Dionysios of Herakleia Pontika.

Eumenes attempts to enlist the support of Kleopatra, who declines in fear of angering Antipater.

Agathokles is born to Lysimachos and Nikaia.

Polyperchon issues a decree to restore democratic governments in all cities to reduce the allure of Kassander. Those exiled due to this may return, with the exception of Amphissa, Pharkadon, Herakleia Pontika, Trikka, and Megalopolis.

Adea Eurydike deposes Polyperchon, who was fighting elsewhere, and rules Macedon herself.

Antigonos Monophthalmos destroys the fleet of Polyperchon near Byzantion.

Kleitos the White escapes from Antigonos Monophthalmos and joins Polyperchon.

Death of Arrybas, father of Pyrrhos.

Ptolemy I Soter occupies Syria.

Kassander forces the population of Olynthos to move to his new city of Kassandreia.

Salamis surrenders to Kassander.

Death of Philip, father of Magas.

Chandragupta Maurya defeats the remaining Macedonian satrapies in northwestern India.

Asandros expands his power into Lycia and Cappadocia in the absence of Antigonos.

Kleitos the White, commanding the fleet of Polyperchon, decisively defeats Nikanor near Byzantion, then lands ashore to celebrate and is attacked by Antigonos Monophthalmos. The remnants of his fleet are destroyed by Nikanor. Kleitor the White escapes ashore where he is killed by men of Lysimachos.

Kassander dethrones Aeacides, king of Epeiros, and provides a regent for the other king Neoptolemos. Pyrrhos is moved north to Glaukias.

Marriage of Ptolemy I with Berenike, mother of Magas.

Kassander appoints Demetrios of Phaleron to administer Athens.

Olympias flees to Pydna to escape Kassander.

Antigenes accompanies Eumenes to Susa.

Philip III is executed by Olympias.

Agathokles seizes power in Syracuse by staging a coup. He establishes himself as a tyrant, eliminating his political rivals and ending the democratic government.

Polyperchon fails to take Megalopolis in a siege, which emboldens other cities against him.

Polyperchon and Olympias march against Adea Eurydike. Adea’s soldiers refuse to fight against Alexander’s mother and switch to Olympias’ side. Adea is captured near Amphipolis.

Adea Eurydike is killed by Olympias, who offers her the choice of hemlock, a rope, or a sword. Adea chooses to hang herself with her own girdle.

Arsinoe II is born to Ptolemy I and his mistress Berenike.

Antigonos Monophthalmos defeats Eumenes at Gabiene by taking their baggage train and convincing the Silver Shields to hand Eumenes over. Antigenes is placed in a pit and burned alive.

Aspesias appointed as satrap of Susa by Antigonos.

Polyperchon flees to the Peloponnese and surrenders the regency to Antigonos Monophthalmos.

Seleukos I Nikator joins Antigonos Monophthalmos on his way to Susa.

Kassander marries Thessalonika, half-sister to Alexander III.

Kassander founds Kassandreia from Potidaia and Mende, founds Thessalonika, and rebuilds Thebes.

Estimated death year of Menander in Cappadocia.

Agathokles of Syracuse begins a campaign to expand his territory in Sicily. He conquers several neighboring cities, including Gela and Messana.

Kassander completes the siege of Pydna and executes Olympias. Alexander IV and Roxana are imprisoned in Amphipolis.

The body of Adea Eurydike is transported back to Aigai by Kassander and buried with honors.

Audoleon becomes king of Paeonia over his father Patraos.

Much of the population of Akanthos is settled in the new city of Ouranopolis by Alexarchos.

Peithon is appointed by Antigonos Monophthalmos as satrap of Babylon in place of Seleukos.

Antigonos Monophthalmos sends his nephew Ptolemy to relieve the siege of Amisos by soldiers under Kassander.

Antigonos I Monophthalmos Declaration of Tyre grants autonomy to all Greek cities. While its effects weren’t the same everywhere, it allowed Delos to regain control of its Temple to Apollo from Athens.

Androkles of Amathos forced by Seleukos into being neutral between him and Antigonos.

Antigonos sends his nephew to relieve Amisos and expel Asandros from Cappadocia and Lycia. However, due to an alliance with Kassander and Ptolemy, Asandros keeps his possessions.

Lysimachos, Seleukos, Ptolemy, and Kassander join against Antigonos Monophthalmos and Demetrios Poliorketes.

Pasikrates of Kourion rejects an alliance with Antigonos Monophthalmos and remains loyal to Ptolemy I Soter.

Pumiathon of Kition agrees to an alliance with Antigonos Monophthalmos.

Antigonos Monophthalmos is received by Seleukos I Nikator in Babylon. When Antigonos demands income from the province, Seleukos flees to Ptolemy I Soter in Egypt.

Antigonos Monophthalmos destroys the original city of Nikaia and renames it Antigoneia.

Patara occupied and used as a naval base by Antigonos Monophthalmos.

Antigonos Monophthalmos besieges Tyre.

Peithon is summoned by Antigonos Monophthalmos to Syria.

Kassander sends Eupolemos to aid Asandros against Antigonos in Caria.

Asandros sends Eupolemos to ambush the forces of Antigonos‘ general Ptolemaios, but the attempt fails and Eupolemos is captured.

Antigonos Monophthalmos creates the Koinon of the Nesiotes, the first federation of the Cyclades Islands, with Delos as its common sanctuary.

Kassander driven out of Dyme by a general of Antigonos Monophthalmos.

Aristodemos, a general of Antigonos Monophthalmos, frees Patrai from its garrison of Kassander.

Tyre is taken by Antigonos Monophthalmos after a year.

Ptolemy I Soter gives Seleukos I Nikator a small fleet, which he uses to force Asandros to ally with Ptolemy. He also takes Erythrai and besieges Kition along with Menelaos.

Kassander seizes Dyrrhachion, but the garrison he leaves there is besieged and the city is retaken by Illyrians and Korkyra.

Stratos is occupied by Kassander to use as a base against the Aetolian League. He resettles people from elsewhere in Akarnania there.

Alexander, the son of Polyperchon, is assassinated in Sikyon. His wife Kratesipolis takes control of the city.

Demetrios Poliorketes leaves Peithon to guard Syria.

Kassander besieges Histaia, but is forced to leave upon the approach of Ptolemy, a general of Antigonos Monophthalmos.

Antigonos marches against Asandros himself and presumably kills him.

Under the service of Antigonos, Dokimos takes Miletos.

Antigonos Monophthalmos obtains control of Tralleis.

The people of Kyrene attempt to oust the Macedonian garrison of Ptolemy I under Ophellas, but fail.

Lysimachos besieges and occupies Kallatis.

Seuthes III supports the revolt of Kallatis against Lysimachos but is defeated.

Odessos rebels against Lysimachos.

Orchomenos is taken by Kassander from Polyperchon.

An inscription at Delos names Androkles of Amathos as the dedicator of a gold crown.

Antigonos‘s son, Demetrios I suffers a major defeat at the Battle of Gaza against Ptolemy I and Seleukos I. Peithon is killed.

Pleistarchos serves as garrison commander in Chalkis.

Eupolemos serves as strategos of Greece for Kassander.

Demetrios Poliorketes defeated at the Battle of Gaza by Ptolemy I Soter and Seleukos I Nikator.

Menelaus, brother to Ptolemy I, conquers the city states of Cyprus – Salamis, Kition, Kourion, Amathos, Lapethos, Paphos, and Soloi. He kills Pumiathon, king of Kition and arrests Praxippos of Lapethos, and destroys Marion with Stasioikos, then transports its citizens to Paphos.

Kassander again attempts to take Dyrrhachion until the city comes under the protection of Glaukias, king of the Illyrians. Kassope is also involved.

Seleukos I Nikator gains control of Babylon, founding the Seleukid Empire and beginning Babylon’s decline as a center of power as Seleukos establishes Seleukeia on the Tigris.

Agathokles of Syracuse temporarily takes Kentoripai.

The peace treaty for the Third Diadoch War, agreed to by Ptolemy, Kassander, Lysimachos, and Antigonos, recognizes the rights of Alexander IV and states he will succeed Kassander in Macedon when he is of age. Antigonos Monophthalmos is now free to take on Seleukos I Nikator directly.

Eupolemos, acting for Kassander, cannot prevent Antigonos‘ general Ptolemaios from taking Euboia and Boeotia, until a peace agreement is signed.

Demetrios Poliorketes defeats Killes, a general of Ptolemy I Soter, at the Battle of Myos.

Demetrios Poliorketes leads a campaign against the Nabataeans in Arabia, but is forced to withdraw.

Seleukos takes Susa and deposes Aspesias.

Outbreak of the Agathokles War: The tyrant Agathokles of Syracuse invades North Africa, threatening Carthage but is ultimately repelled.

Agathokles‘ conflict with Carthage escalates. Agathokles faces a major invasion by the Carthaginian general Hamilcar, who besieges Syracuse. In a daring move, Agathokles decides to strike back by invading North Africa.

Polyperchon controls much of the Peloponnese, including Corinth and Sikyon.

Death of Nikokreon of Salamis.

Lysimachos subdues Kallatis and reaches a peace with Seuthes III.

Demetrios Poliorketes attempts to take Babylon from Seleukos I Nikator, but is defeated.

Audoleon receives help from Kassander in fending off an Illyrian invasion.

Soldiers under Menelaus surround the house of Nikokles of Paphos and force his surrender. His wife burns the palace and her children with themselves inside.

Agathokles launches his expedition to North Africa, landing near Carthage. His unexpected attack catches the Carthaginians off guard, and he achieves several victories on African soil. Agathokles declares himself king of Sicily during this campaign, marking a significant shift in his ambitions.

Kassander orders Alexander IV and Roxana to be executed. They are both poisoned.

Ptolemy II Philadelphos is born on Kos to Berenike I and Ptolemy I.

Antigonos Monophthalmos besieges and takes Phaselis.

Lysimachos obtains control over parts of Thrace, including Abdera. He destroys Kardia to provide inhabitants for Lysimachia.

Lysimacheia constructed by Lysimachos.

Kassander travels to Apollonia Pontika to enlarge his territories.

Kassander convinces Polyperchon to kill Herakles, the son of Alexander III with Barsine, then forms an alliance with him.

Kleopatra accepts an offer of marriage from Ptolemy I from her base in Sardis. Antigonos Monophthalmos, who fears the union, executes her.

Ptolemy I frees Andros from Macedonian control.

Ptolemy I takes Sikyon from Kratesipolis and installs garrisons in Sikyon and Corinth.

Agathokles persuades Ophellas of Kyrene to join him as an ally against Carthage. Agathokles at first receives him warmly, then attacks his camp unexpectedly, kills Ophellas, and claims his troops.

Antigonos Monophthalmos founds Antigoneia in Syria.

Antigonos Monophthalmos gives Athens grain and timber and removes his garrison from Imbros, giving the island back to Athens.

Glaukias invades Epeiros and puts Pyrrhos on the throne.

Eunostos of Soloi marries Eirene, daughter of Ptolemy I Soter and Thais.

Demetrios Poliorketes takes Athens from Kassander and forces Demetrios of Phaleron to flee to Thebes.

Marriage of Demetrios Poliorketes to Eurydike, an Athenian noblewoman and the widow of Ophellas of Kyrene.

Seleukos I Nikator constructs Seleukeia on the Tigris.

After a prolonged campaign in North Africa and facing mounting difficulties, Agathokles abandons the African expedition.

Agathokles murders his two sons from his first wife.

Kephaloidion attacked and taken by Agathokles of Syracuse.

Alexandria Troas founded by Antigonos I Monophthalmos from the cities of Neandria, Skepsis, Hamaxitos, Kolone, Kebren, Larissa-Ptolemais, and Achilleion.

Antigonos declares himself king, thus beginning the Antigonid dynasty.

Antigonos Monophthalmos declares himself and his son Demetrios Poliorketes kings.

Demetrios Poliorketes captures Cyprus from Ptolemy I Soter and Menelaus – including Salamis, Kourion, Soloi, Paphos, and Amathos.

Lysimachos follows the example of the other Diadochi and proclaims himself king.

Demetrios Poliorketes attempts to enlist the help of Rhodes, but fails.

Kassander declares himself king along with other Diadochi.

Seleukos I Nikator proclaims himself king along with the other Diadochi, thus founding the Seleukid Kingdom.

Death of Dionysios at Herakleia Pontika. The kingdom is left to his wife Amastris.

Audoleon declares himself king of Paeonia after the other Diadochi do so.

War erupts between Chandragupta Maurya and the forces of Seleukos I Nikator.

Ptolemy I declares himself Pharaoh and moves his capital to Alexandria, thus beginning the Ptolemaic Kingdom.

Kyrene ousts the garrison of Ptolemy I.

Birth of Arsinoe I to Nikaia and Lysimachos.

Demetrios Poliorketes besieges Rhodes and invents many new siege engines for the purpose (earning him the title ‘besieger’) but he fails and is forced to leave them. Knossos provides troops to support Rhodes.

Pleistarchos, Eupolemos and Kassander are defeated at the Diplyon Gate – the only double gate for Athens – by the Athenians while trying to re-install Demetrios of Phaleron.

Antigonos Monophthalmos attempts to join Lebedos to Teos, but the act is never completed.

Demetrios Poliorketes pushes Kassander out of Athens and chases him to Herakleia Trachineia, who submit to him.

Demetrios Poliorketes re-establishes the Corinthian League while at Athens.

Demetrios Poliorketes seizes Epidauros, Sikyon, Corinth, Bura, Argos, and Orchomenos.

Patara is used as a naval base by Demetrios Poliorketes during his siege of Rhodes.

Agathokles formally adopts the title of King of Sicily, consolidating his rule and securing recognition from other Hellenistic rulers. He strengthens his alliances, including with Ptolemaic Egypt and other Greek states.

Kentoripai taken by Agathokles of Syracuse.

Chandragupta Maurya and Seleukos I Nikator reach a peace agreement. The Hindu Kush, Punjab, and parts of Afghanistan go to Chandragupta. Seleukos receives 500 war elephants, which he uses to terrify his European enemies. There is also a marriage alliance.

Pleistarchos is expelled from Argos.

Kassander attempts to reach a peace with Antigonos Monophthalmos, who refuses.

Marriage of Demetrios Poliorketes to Deidamia, the sister of Pyrrhos.

Demetrios Poliorketes relocates Sikyon to a more defensible location.

Kassander besieges Korkyra, but is unsuccessful.

Pleistarchos sent by Kassander to join Lysimachos in the effort against Antigonos Monophthalmos.

Demetrios Poliorketes blockades the Hellespont, forcing Pleistarchos to turn back. Pleistarchos’ ship is destroyed in a storm on the way to Herakleia and he survives by clinging to the wreckage.

Dokimos switches allegiance from Antigonos to Lysimachos and helps the latter take Synnada.

Mithridates I is slain in Kios after appearing to shift his allegiance from Antigonos Monophthalmos to Kassander. He had also ruled Myrleia.

Lysimachos convinces Teos and Kolophon to surrender, but Klazomenai and Erythrai are reinforced by Antigonos and are not taken.

Kassander sends troops and a general to Lysimachos to aid him in taking territory of Antigonos Monophthalmos.

Lysimachos takes Sigeion by force from Antigonos I Monophthalmos.

Pyrrhos travels to a wedding with Glaukias and the Molossians retake the throne of Epeiros and re-install Neoptolemos. Pyrrhos joins his brother-in-law Demetrios Poliorketes in exile.

Abydos besieged by Lysimachos.

Adramytteion and Ephesos are taken by Prepalaos, a general under Lysimachos.

Lysimachos takes control of Herakleia Pontika and marries Amastris.

Halos is refounded by Demetrios Poliorketes.

Demetrios Poliorketes captures Larissa.

Thebai serves as a stronghold of Kassander against Demetrios Poliorketes.

Estimated foundation of Uranopolis by Alexarchos.

The Battle of Ipsos. Demetrios Poliorketes and Antigonos Monophthalmos are defeated by Seleukos I Nikator, Kassander (commanded by Pleistarchos), and Lysimachos. Antigonos is killed. Demetrios continues the Antigonid dynasty.

Amastris travels to Sardis with Lysimachos, who turns his attention to Arsinoe II. Amastris returns to Herakleia Pontika.

Antigonos Monophthalmos is defeated and killed at the Battle of Ipsus by the combined forces of Seleukos I and Lysimachos.

Antigoneia renamed to Alexandria Troas by Lysimachos.

Lysimachos appoints Philetairos commander of Pergamon, including its vast treasury.

Antigoneia is captured by Lysimachos and renamed Nikaia, in honor of his recently deceased wife.

Kassander attempts to take Elataia but fails.

Following the victory in the Battle of Ipsos, Cilicia comes under Seleukid control with Seleukos I Nikator. This included Aigai.Tarsos, Soloi, Issos, and Mallos.

Antigonos II installs the tyrant Kleon at Sikyon.

Eupolemos is believed to have served as a general under Pleistarchos in Mylasa.

Pleistarchos becomes a ruler in Caria.

Lysimachos marries Arsinoe II, the daughter of Ptolemy I.

Magas reestablishes the control of Ptolemy I at Kyrene.

Around this time, Lysimachos combined Achilleion with other communities around Ilion.

Demetrios Poliorketes ravages the territory of Lysimachos and takes Lampsakos twice without holding it.

Demetrios Poliorketes and Seleukos I Nikator reach a peace and Seleukos marries Demetrios’ daughter Stratonike.

Death of Deidamia, wife to Demetrios Poliorketes, in Cilicia from an illness.

The Macedonian camp of Pella is fortified by Seleukos I Nikator and renamed Apameia in honor of his wife Apama.

Seleukos I Nikator founds the city of Charax Spasinu (near modern-day Basra, Iraq) as a port city to facilitate trade between Mesopotamia and Arabia.

Seleukeia Piera is founded by Seleukos I Nikator.

The city of Amastris is founded by Amastris, a Persian princess and the niece of the Persian king Darius III. She establishes the city by combining four smaller settlements: Sesamos, Kytoros, Tios, and Kromna.

Approximate birth year of Nikomedes I of Bithynia.

Approximate birth year of Diodotos I.

Antioch founded by Seleukos I Nikator of the Seleukid dynasty.

Birth of Ptolemy Epigonos to Arsinoe II and Lysimachos.

Pyrrhos is taken as a hostage to Alexandria in an arrangement between Demetrios Poliorketes and Ptolemy I Soter.

Pyrrhos marries Antigone, the stepdaughter of Ptolemy I Soter, in Alexandria.

Korkyra is again besieged by Kassander, but Agathokles of Syracuse destroys his fleet.

Agathokles wages a series of successful campaigns against his enemies in Sicily, reasserting his dominance over the island. He continues to fortify Syracuse and build up its naval power.

Birth of son Lysimachos to Arsinoe II and Lysimachos.

Ptolemy I Soter provides Pyrrhos with funds to restore him to the throne of Epeiros.

Demetrios of Phaleron travels to the court of Ptolemy I Soter in Alexandria.

Kassander dies of dropsy at Pella. His son Philip IV becomes king.

Philip IV dies of tuberculosis in Elataia. Antipater I and Alexander V become kings.

Demetrios Poliorketes besieges Athens, which comes under the tyranny of Lachares.

Estimated death of Chandragupta Maurya.

Approximate date when Dyrrhachion comes under the control of Pyrrhos of Epeiros.

Agathokles marries his daughter Lanassa to Pyrrhos of Epeiros.

Korkyra is provided as dowry to Pyrrhos by Agathokles of Syracuse for the marriage of his daughter, Lanassa.

Approximate year of marriage of Eurydike, daughter of Lysimachos, to Antipater IV.

The Battle of Sentinum occurs, where a coalition of Romans defeats a confederation of Samnites, Etruscans, Umbrians, and Gauls.

Antiochos I Soter marries his stepmother Stratonike, after Seleukos divorces her for that purpose.

Antigonos II seizes Macedonia from Alexander V.

Birth of son Philip to Arsinoe II and Lysimachos.

Ambrakia given to Pyrrhos of Epiros by Alexander V of Macedon. It then becomes his capital.

Audoleon, Pyrrhos, and Lysimachos form a coalition against Demetrios Poliorketes after his murder of Alexander V.

Amathos, Soloi, and Salamis become part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt under Ptolemy I Soter. They are incorporated into the Ptolemaic administrative system, as Cyprus becomes a strategic naval and commercial hub for the Ptolemies.

Agathokles marries Lysandra, the daughter of Ptolemy I Soter and Eurydike.

Lysimachos agrees to peace agreement with Demetrios Poliorketes where Demetrios is recognized as the ruler of Macedonia.

Demetrios I Poliokcetes of Macedon gains control over Amphipolis.

Demetrias founded by Demetrios I Poliorketes, who moved the inhabitants of Neleia, Pagasai, Ormenion, Rhizos, Sepias, Olizon, Boebe, and Iolkos to create it.

Demetrios Poliorketes takes control of Athens and pardons its citizens for their resistance to him.

Demetrios Poliorketes murders Alexander V and takes the throne of Macedonia.

Seleukos I Nikator takes Cilicia from Demetrios Poliorketes.

Estimated death of Pleistarchos. Eupolemos succeeds him at Mylasa.

Seleukos I Nikator declares his son Antiochos I Soter co-ruler.

Birth of Apama II to Stratonike and Antiochos I Soter.

Antigonos II remains in Greece where he squashes a revolt by Boeotia while Demetrios Poliorketes moves to seize the territories of Lysimachos.

Ephesos comes under Lysimachos, who forces everyone to move to a new settlement that he names after his wife Arsinoe.

Agathokles is sent by Lysimachos against the Getai, but he is taken prisoner.

Lysimachos attacks the Getae but is defeated by Dromichaetes and taken prisoner. He is then released.

Lysimachos moves the entire population of Lebedos to Ephesos.

Demetrios Poliorketes and Antigonos II take Thebes after a siege. Huge siege engines are used to break its walls.

Demetrios Poliorketes marries Lanassa, the former wife of Pyrrhos and daughter of Agathokles of Syracuse.

Lanassa leaves Pyrrhos for Demetrios Poliorketes and attempts to transfer ownership of Korkyra to him.

Estimated death of Alexarchos.

Monounios becomes king of Illyria.

Demetrios I Poliorketes organizes the Fifth Sacred War against the Aetolian League‘s occupation of Delphi, but is pushed out with the help of Pyrrhos.

Agathokles dies of natural causes at the age of 72. On his deathbed, he decides not to pass his power to his descendants, attempting to restore a democratic government in Syracuse.

Pyrrhos, Ptolemy I Soter, and Lysimachos push Demetrios Poliorketes out of Macedonia.

Smyrna is renamed to Eurydikeia by Lysimachos in honor of his daughter Eurydike.

After the death of Agathokles of Syracuse, Phintias declared himself leader of Akragas.

Pyrrhos takes Beroea and the army of Demetrios Poliorketes deserts him. At news of the defeat, Phila, the mother of Antigonos II, commits suicide by poison.

Demetrios I Poliorketes loses control of Macedon, including Amphipolis, to Lysimachos.

Agathokles is sent by Lysimachos against Demetrios I Poliorketes and successfullly dislodges him from Lydia and Caria.

Lysimachos imprisons his daughter Eurydike and murders her husband Antipatros IV after constant complaints.

Thebes allies itself with Lysimachos and the Aetolian League.

Demetrios Poliorketes besieges Athens but is unsuccessful.

Birth of Antiochos II Theos to Stratonike and Antiochos I Soter.

Demetrios Poliorketes invades Cilicia in a bid to take it back from Seleukos I Nikator.

Demetrios Poliorketes surrenders to Seleukos and is taken prisoner. Pyrrhos and Lysimachos divide Macedonia, leaving Antigonos II without a kingdom.

Lysimachos pushes Pyrrhos out of Macedonia.

Ptolemy II Philadelphos exiles Demetrios of Phaleron to Upper Egypt due to his support for Ptolemy Keraunos.

Approximate marriage year of Arsinoe I, daughter of Lysimachos, to Ptolemy II Philadelphos.

Pyrrhos seizes parts of Illyria from Monounios.

Lysimachos executes his son Agathokles for treason, and Ephesos revolts as a result.

Amastris is drowned by her two sons, Klearchos and Oxyathres. The two brothers take over Herakleia Pontika.

Death of Audoleon of Paeonia. His son Leon becomes king.

Ptolemy I Soter declared Ptolemy II Philadelphos king and co-regent.

Athens receives 7,500 medimnoi of wheat from Paeonia under Audoleon.

Ptolemy II takes power in Alexandria. He is believed to have founded the Library of Alexandria.

Demetrios Poliorketes dies while imprisoned by Seleukos I Nikator. Antigonos II Gonatas continues the Antigonid dynasty.

Agathokles is executed by Lysimachos. There are many versions, but one is he was poisoned by Arsinoe II at Lysimachos’ urging. Others implicate Ptolemy Keraunos.

Lysimachos returns to Herakleia Pontika and is initially warm to Klearchos and Oxyathres, then kills them for drowning their mother and allows the city to return to democracy.

At the Battle of Lake Vadimonis, the Romans decisively defeat the Boii and other Gallic tribes, significantly weakening Gallic power in northern Italy.

Approximate year for the death of Demetrios of Phaleron, reportedly by a poisonous snake, in Upper Egypt.

Arsinoe II begs Lysimachos to let her have Herakleia Pontika. He eventually relents, and she installs Herakleides of Kyme, who becomes tyrant.

Philetairos deserts Lysimachos and offers Pergamon to Seleukos I Nikator. This begins the Kingdom of Pergamon.

Death of Ptolemy I Soter. Ptolemy II Philadelphos becomes the sole king of Egypt.

Antiochos I Soter is forced by a rebellion in Syria to make peace with Ptolemy Keraunos and give up Macedonia and Thrace.

Kebren is possibly refounded by Antiochos I Soter as Antiocheia.

The ashes of Seleukos I Nikator are burned by Antiochos I Soter at Seleukeia Piera.

Ptolemy II Philadelphos executes two of his brothers.

Antigonos II marches against Ptolemy Keraunos to retake Macedonia, but is defeated.

Assassins are sent to kill Arsinoe II in Ephesos after the death of her husband. She escapes to Kassandreia after using a decoy.

The Athamanians are conquered by Pyrrhos of Epeiros.

Lysimachos defeated at the Battle of Coropedion. Adramytteion, Ainos, and Abydos come under control of the Seleukid Empire. Ephesos returns to its original name.

Seleukos I Nikator besieges Sardis without success.

When news of the death of Lysimachos reaches Herakleia Pontika, they seize the tyrant Herakleides, appoint Phokritos as governor, and make overtures to Seleukos.

Seleukos I Nikator is murdered by Ptolemy Keraunos while praying. Antiochos I Soter becomes king of the Seleukid Empire.

City of Ai-Khanoum is founded by Antiochos I Soter.

Ptolemy Keraunos tricks Arsinoe II into marrying him. He promises her two young sons succession rights, but then murders them on their wedding day.

Arsinoe II escapes from Ptolemy Keraunos and exiles herself to Samothrace.

Pyrrhos makes an alliance with Ptolemy Keraunos, then arrives in Italy to aid Tarentum.

Pyrrhos defeats Rome in the Battle of Heraclea.

Dyrrhachion comes under the control of King Monounios.

The Aetolian League along with Antigonos II Gonatas defeat an invasion of Gauls.

During the Macedonian Interregnum, Antipater Etesias is declared king after the death of Ptolemy Keraunos. He is deposed after 45 days by Sosthenes, a military officer.

Monounios wages a war against Ptolemy Keraunos while allied with Ptolemy Epigonos.

Pyrrhos again defeats Rome in a costly victory at the Battle of Asculum.

Gauls led by Bolgius invade Macedon from the north. Rather than waiting for his full force, Ptolemy Keraunos attacks and is defeated. His head is placed on a spike.

The Gauls invade the Seleukid Empire under Antiochos I Soter.

Arsinoe II arrives at the court of her brother, Ptolemy II Philadelphos.

Pyrrhos travels to Sicility and lifts a siege of Syracuse by Carthage.

Philetairos provides food and aid to Kyzikos against invading Gauls.

Nikomedes I obtains the throne of Bithynia from his father Zipoetes I.

Amphipolis falls under the control of Antigonos II Gonatas after his victory over the Gauls at the Battle of Lysimachia.

Antigonos II defeats the Gauls at the Battle of Lysimacheia.

Antigonos II defeats Sosthenes, who ran Macedonia during the Macedonian Interregnum.

Pyrrhos captures Eryx, the most powerful stronghold of Carthage on Siciliy.

Nikomedes I provides the Gauls the ability to cross into Asia. They in turn help him kill his brother Zipoetes II.

The Gauls besiege Byzantion.

Magas refuses to submit to Ptolemy II Philadelphos and declares himself king of Kyrene.

Antigonos II drives Ptolemy Epigonos out of Macedonia.

The navy of Pyrrhos is defeated by Carthage at the Battle of the Strait of Messina.

Antiochos I Soter defeats the Gauls using Indian war elephants.

First Syrian War begins between Antiochos I Soter and Ptolemy II Philadelphos. It did not change either kingdom much.

Forces of Ptolemy II Philadelphos invade Nubia and annex some territory.

Antigonos II has control over most of Macedonia.

Pyrrhos moves to attack Iaitas, but they yield without a fight.

Pyrrhos and Rome fight to inconclusive results at the Battle of Beneventum. Pyrrhos returns to Epeiros.

Marriage of Magas to Apama II.

Magas joins an alliance with Antiochos I, and each attacks Ptolemy II Philadelphos and Egypt from a different side. Magas is forced to call off his attack due to an internal revolt in Libya.

Arsinoe I, who had clashed for some time with Arsinoe II, is charged with conspiracy by Ptolemy II Philadelphos and exiled to Koptos.

Ptolemy of Epeiros, son of Pyrrhos, takes Korkyra.

Arsinoe II marries her brother Ptolemy II Philadelphos.

Ptolemy II Philadelphos promotes his wife/sister Arsinoe II to divine status.

Pyrrhos of Epiros attacks Argos, which is helped by Antigonos II, and is killed there when an old woman throws a brick on him.

Antigonos II installs the tryant Aristippos the Elder at Argos.

Ptolemy II Philadelphos founds a new city named Arsinoe, named for his wife Arsinoe II, on the ruins of Marion.

Aristodamos the Good is installed as Tyrant of Megalopolis by Antigonos II Gonatas.

Death of Arsinoe II in Egypt. Ptolemy II Philadelphos creates a cult for her.

Ptolemy II Philadelphos clears up the canal from the Nile to the Red Sea.

Ptolemy II Philadelphos founds the city of Arsinoe on the Gulf of Suez.

Antiochos I Soter lays the foundations for the Ezida Temple in Borsippa.

Antiochos I Soter puts his eldest son Seleukos to death for rebellion.

Ptolemy Epigonos is co-regent with Ptolemy II Philadelphos.

Athens is convinced by Chremonides to join Sparta in declaring war on Antigonos II.

Birth of Berenike II to Apama II and Magas.

Antigonos II blockades Athens and destroys a temple to Poseidon between it and Megara. Ptolemy II sends a fleet to break the blockade.

Antigonos II installs the tyrant Abantidas at Sikyon.

Nikomedes I founds the city of Nikomedia.

Eumenes I becomes ruler of the Kingdom of Pergamon after the death of Philetairos.

Antiochos I Soter is defeated while attempting to retake Pergamon by the Attalid Eumenes I in a battle near Sardis.

Ptolemy II Philadelphos sends Ptolemy Epigonos to Miletos on business.

Athens and Sparta make peace with Antigonos II, who maintains his hold on Greece.

Ptolemy II‘s interference in Greece results in war with Antigonos II.

Death of Antiochos I Soter. Antiochos II Theos becomes king of the Seleukid Empire.

The city of Arsinoe in Cilicia is founded by Ptolemy II Philadelphos on land taken from Nagidos.

Arsames I takes control of Commagene, Sophene and Armenia.

Antiochos II Theos of the Seleukid Empire fights the Second Syrian War against Ptolemy II Philadelphos of Egypt. Arados takes the side of Antiochos.

Antiochos II signs an agreement with Antigonos II against Ptolemy II and the Second Syrian War begins.

Ptolemy Epigonos and the tyrant Timarchos of Miletos revolt against Ptolemy II Philadelphos.

Miletos is taken by Antiochos II Theos and its tyrant Timarchos is killed. The rebellion with Ptolemy Epigonos against Ptolemy II Philadelphos ends.

Ptolemy II Philadelphos terminates the co-regency with Ptolemy Epigonos and gives him the city of Telmessos to rule.

Ptolemy II Philadelphos invades Syria.

Ziailas of Bithynia takes refuge with Arsames I.

Kos comes under Antigonos II Gonatas.

The Second Syrian War ends. Ptolemy II cedes land to Antiiochos II and Antigonos II remains in mastery of Greece. Antiochos II takes control over Ephesos, Samos, and Miletos.

The navy of Ptolemy II Philadelphos is defeated by Antiochos II Theos at Ephesos.

After the death of his father Nikomedes I, Ziailas returns to take over Bithynia after taking refuge with Arsames I.

Death of Stratonike at Sardis.

Ptolemy II Philadelphos travels to Memphis and distributes reclaimed land near there to his soldiers.

Antiochos II Theos marries Berenike, the daughter of Ptolemy II Philadelphos.

Antigonos II installs the tyrant Paseas at Sikyon.

Antigonos II installs the tyrant Nikokles at Sikyon.

Aratos of Sikyon removes the tyrant Nikokles, who Antigonos II had installed. Antigonos II attempts to bribe Aratos but is unsuccessful.

Death of Magas, king of Kyrene. His wife Apama takes over.

Death of Leon of Paeonia. Dropion becomes king.

Diodotos I, the Seleukid satrap of Baktria, declares independence from the Seleukid Empire, establishing the Greco-Baktrian Kingdom.

Alexander, the son of Krateros, rises in revolt against Antigonos II. Alexander is poisoned.

Death of Ptolemy II Philadelphos. Ptolemy III becomes king.

Antigonos II regains control over Corinth.

Andragoras declares his independence from the Seleukid King Seleukos II.

Aratos of Sikyon takes Acrocorinth. The inhabitants of Corinth rise up against Antigonos II.

Death of Eumenes I. Attalos I becomes king of the Attalid Kingdom of Pergamon.

Death of Ptolemy Epigonos in Telmessos. His son Lysimachos rules the city.

Arsames I founds Arsamosata in Sophene.

Antigonos II dies. Demetrios II becomes king of Macedon and continues the Antigonid dynasty.

Arsames I supports Antiochos Hierax over his brother Seleukos II Kallinikos for the Seleukid throne.

The Parni under the command of Arsakes I invade Parthia and kill Andragoras.

Arsames I founds Arsameia in Commagene.

Death of Diodotos I, probably due to natural causes. His son Diodotos II becomes king of the Greco-Baktrian Kingdom.

Death of Arsames I. His eldest son Xerxes becomes king of Commagene, Sophene and Armenia.

The Battle of Telamon occurs. The Romans, under the leadership of Gaius Atilius Regulus and Lucius Aemilius Papus, decisively defeat an invading coalition of Gauls, including the Boii, Insubres, and Gaesatae.

Gauls invade the Troad and besiege Ilion. Alexandria Troas dispatches an army of 4000 and relieves the siege.