Iberia

1104 BCE

Gades founded by Phoenicians

940 BCE

Carteia founded

770 BCE

Malaga founded by Phoenicians from Tyre

650 BCE

Approximate foundation of Iliberri

573 BCE

Malaga comes under the rule of Carthage

530 BCE

Gades occupied by Carthage

348 BCE

Carthage renews its treaty with Rome, reinforcing agreements on trade and territorial boundaries. Mastia is mentioned.

237 BCE

Forces of Carthage, including elephants and led by Hamilcar, land at Carteia

228 BCE

Hasdrubal of Carthage renames Mastia to Qart Hadasht, or “New City”.

218 BCE

Malaga comes under rule of Roman Republic

211 BCE

Hasdrubal Barca of Carthage crushes the Romans at the Battle of Castulo

209 BCE

Scipio Africanus conquers Qart Hadasht and renames it to Carthago Nova.

206 BCE

Carthage under Adherbal retreats to Carteia after a defeat by Gaius Laelius.

206 BCE

Cordoba is conquered by the Romans

206 BCE

Gades surrenders to the Romans under Scipio Africanus

206 BCE

Scipio Africanus defeats Mago Barca at the Battle of Ilipa, near Ilipense

206 BCE

Italica founded by Scipio and named for the Italic veterans he placed there

190 BCE

Carteia captured by Rome

171 BCE

Carteia is elevated to the status of colony by Rome

68 BCE

Carteia is the western base for Pompey’s campaign against pirates

49 BCE

Julius Caesar gives citizens of Gades Roman citizenship

46 BCE

Cordoba becomes the Roman colony of Colonia Patricia

45 BCE
March 17

Julius Caesar narrowly defeats Titus Labienus and Gnaeus Pompeius at the Battle of Munda near Colonia Patricia.

44 BCE

Iliberri becomes a Roman colony

27 BCE

Iliberri becomes a Roman municipality

25 BCE

Emerita founded by Carisius

22 BCE

Carisius of Emerita removed by Augustus due to a revolt by the Asturians

20 BCE

Construction of Circus at Emerita

15 BCE

Completion of theater in Emerita

8 BCE

Dedication of amphitheater in Emerita

4 BCE

The famous stoic Seneca is born in Colonia Patricia

4 CE

The Roman writer Columella is born at Gades

40 CE

The Roman poet Martial is born in Bibilis

298 CE

Diocletian creates a new province named Hispania Carthaginensis and sets Carthago Nova as its capital.

340 CE

Theater at Emerita is renovated

347 CE
January 11

Theodosius I is born in Italica.

377 CE

Birth of son Arcadius to Aelia Flacilla and Theodosius I in Italica.

409 CE

Carteia is sacked by Visigoths

435 CE

Carthago Nova is sacked by the Vandals.

2019 CE
July 1

The author and his wife visit Cordoba