Troas

3600 BCE

The area around Troy is first settled.

3000 BCE

Troy is already a small fortified city.

2550 BCE

Troy I destroyed by fire. Troy II is built.

2300 BCE

Final destruction of Troy II. Troy III is constructed.

1750 BCE

Troy VI is constructed, which may be considered the most powerful Troy.

1477 BCE

Dardanos founded in legend by Dardanus, son of Zeus by Elektra.

1415 BCE

Reign of Erichthonios in Dardanos.

1400 BCE

Troy first appears in Hittite records as ‘Wilusa’.

1364 BCE

Tros, from whom the Trojans are named, reigns in Dardanos.

1300 BCE

Troy VI is destroyed by what is believed to be an earthquake.

1180 BCE

Troy VIIa is destroyed by an enemy attack, perhaps that described in the Iliad.

1050 BCE

Troy VIIb heavily damaged by an earthquake.

1000 BCE-
900 BCE

Assos founded by Aeolian colonists from Lesbos.

950 BCE

Troy VIIB is destroyed by fire.

700 BCE

Traditional founding of Gargara by Aeolian Greeks. The city was originally established on a site closer to the coast, possibly by settlers from Kyme or other Aeolian cities.

700 BCE

Greek immigrants begin rebuilding around Troy.

670 BCE

Abydos founded by settlers from Miletos.

600 BCE

Eresos, Kyme, Mytiliene, Methymna, Pitane, Eliaia, Larissa, Neonteichos, Aigai, Antandros, Temnos, Gryneion, and Smyrna become members of the Aeolian League, an association of Greek city-states in the region.

530 BCE

Doric temple to Athena constructed at Assos.

514 BCE

Abydos occupied by Persia.

512 BCE

Darius I destroyed Abydos and takes Byzantion as part of his Scythian campaign.

512 BCE

Otanes, satrap of Phrygia, captures Antandros, Lamponeia, Imbros, and Hephaistia and Myrina on Lemnos.

499 BCE

Eresos and Gargara participate in the Ionian Revolt against Persian rule. The revolt fails, and Persian control over the area is reasserted.

481 BCE

Xerxes’ army marches out of Sardis and passes through Atarneos, Thebe, Adramytteion, Antandros, Ilion, Gergis, and Abydos on its way to Greece. Its temporary headquarters is at Elaios.

478 BCE

Delian League founded by Athens, with its regular meeting place at Delos. Ephesos, Gargara, and Eresos are members.

428 BCE

Antissa and Mytilene revolt from Athens during the Peloponnesian War. Athens forces both cities back into its orbit. Hamaxitos is taken from Mytilene.

427 BCE

Antandros joins the Delian League.

424 BCE

Antandros is taken by exiles from Mytilene.

411 BCE
May

Abydos convinced to defect from Delian league by Sparta. The Chians also convince Lebedos and Airai to defect.

411 BCE

Antandros removes its Persian garrison with the help of Peloponnesian troops from Abydos.

410 BCE

Pharnabazos orders ships built at Antandros. At the same time, Syracuse helps Antandros finish its city wall, resulting in citizen privileges for Syracusans there. When the ships are complete, Pharnabazos sails for Kalchedon.

409 BCE-
408 BCE

Abydos attacked by Athens but repelled by Pharnabazos.

403 BCE

Hamaxitos gains some freedom after Athens is defeated in the Peloponnesian War.

401 BCE

The 10,000, as described in Xenophon’s Anabasis, travel through Antandros and Adramytteion.

399 BCE-
397 BCE

Deryklidas of Sparta supports the Ionian Greeks against the Persians. He besieges Atarneos for eight months until they accept his terms and takes Hamaxitos, Kolonai, and Ilion. This ends in an armistice with Pharnabazos.

399 BCE

Hamaxitos is forcibly re-integrated into the Persian Empire.

398 BCE

During a battle between Deryklidas of Sparta and Pharnabazos with Tissaphernes, men from Priene and Achilleion fighting with the Spartans fled. Hamaxitos thus receives its freedom again.

394 BCE

Agesilaos II, King of Sparta, passed through Abydos.

390 BCE

Anaxabios replaces Deryklidas as head of Abydos.

389 BCE

Anaxabios of Abydos is ambushed and killed by the Athenian general Iphikrates.

387 BCE

Peace of Antalkidas signed in Susa, ending the Corinthian War. Abydos, Aigai, and Adramytteion become part of the Persian Empire.

368 BCE

Tyrant Philiskos rules Abydos.

366 BCE

Autophradates lay siege to Ariobarzanes in Assos. In exchange for Athenian support, Ariobarzanes gifts them Sestos.

360 BCE

Abydos comes under the tyrant Iphiades.

348 BCE

Aristotle moves to Assos and marries the niece of its ruler Hermeias, Pythia.

336 BCE

Abydos besieged by the Macedonian general Parmenion under Philip II.

335 BCE

Abydos is besieged by Memnon of Rhodes, forcing Parmenion to give up his siege of Pitane.

334 BCE

Alexander the Great crosses from Sestos to Abydos. He then visits Troy and returns to Abydos. On his way, he sacrifices at the tomb of Achilles at Achilleion.

334 BCE

The Persians are driven out of Assos and Ephesos by Alexander the Great.

323 BCE
June 30

Partition of Babylon. Abydos and Adramytteion come under control of Leonnatos. Egypt with Alexandria and Gaza are under Ptolemy. Baktria comes under Seleukos I Nikator.

321 BCE

Partition of Triparadisos. Abydos is given to Arrhidaios. Susa goes to Antigenes. Antipater is left in charge of Macedonia and is entrusted with Alexander IV and Philip III.

306 BCE

A new theater is built at Ilion.

302 BCE

Abydos besieged by Lysimachos.

301 BCE

Antigoneia renamed to Alexandria Troas by Lysimachos.

300 BCE

Around this time, Lysimachos combined Achilleion with other communities around Ilion.

282 BCE

Arsinoe II begs Lysimachos to let her have Herakleia Pontika. He eventually relents, and she installs Herakleides of Kyme, who becomes tyrant.

281 BCE

Lysimachos defeated at the Battle of Coropedion. Adramytteion, Ainos, and Abydos come under control of the Seleukid Empire. Ephesos returns to its original name.

248 BCE

Attalos attacks the forces of the usurper Adaios and defeats him, then engages in friendly negotiations with Lampsakos, Alexandria Troas, and Ilion, all of which had remained loyal to him.

245 BCE

Abydos and Ephesos conquered by Ptolemy III of Egypt.

241 BCE

Assos comes under the control of the Attalid Kingdom.

216 BCE

Gauls invade the Troad and besiege Ilion. Alexandria Troas dispatches an army of 4000 and relieves the siege.

200 BCE

Abydos besieged by Philip V of Macedon. Ainos is taken. Elaios surrenders to him peacefully.

196 BCE

Abydos and Ephesos seized by Antiochos III of the Seleukid Empire.

196 BCE

Philip V is forced to remove his garrisons from Iasos, Euromos, Pedasa, Bargylia, Abydos, Thasos, Myrina, and Perinthos.

192 BCE

Antiochos III, desiring to meet Rome in battle, is detained by the cities of Alexandria Troas, Smyrna, and Lampsakos, which refused entreaties.

188 BCE

Treaty of Apamea. Euromos, and Abydos returned to the Kingdom of Pergamon.

133 BCE

Adramytteion, Attalaia, Erythrai, Ephesos, and Assos come under Roman control after Attalos III, the last Attalid king, leaves it to Rome in his will.

85 BCE

Ilion is destroyed by Sulla.

84 BCE

Sulla defeats Mithridates VI and ends the Mithridatic Wars with the Treaty of Dardanos. Adramytteion, Ephesos, Pergamon, Smyrna, Sardis, Tralles, Kolophon, Apamea, and Magnesia return to Roman control.

80 BCE

Ilion suffers an attack by pirates.

74 BCE

Ilion sides with the Roman general Lucullus against Mithridates VI.

62 BCE

Pompey rewards Ilion for its loyalty.

48 BCE

Julius Caesar bestows benefactions on Ilion.

20 BCE

Augustus visits Ilion.

56 CE

Assos is visited by the Apostle Paul.

216 CE

Emperor Caracalla holds funeral games at the Tomb of Achilles at Achilleion on his way to Parthia.