Ancient Coin Stories

Andros supplies ships to Xerxes’ fleet. Xerxes stays in Halos.

Several Thessalian cities provide aid to Athens at the start of the Peloponnesian War, notably Gyrton, Larissa, Krannon, Pharsalos, and Pherai.

Herakleia Trachineia founded by Spartan settlers.

The inhabitants of Herakleia Trachineia are slaughtered by their neighbors.

Spartans again repopulate Herakleia Trachineia.

Seven hundred soldiers from Herakleia Trachineia are slaughtered in a battle with their neighbors.

Herippidas of Sparta puts to death all anti-Spartans at Herakleia Trachineia and expels foreigners.

Thebes takes Herakleia Trachineia from Sparta and installs the Trachinians and Oetaians.

Amyntas III recovers Macedon with the help of Thessaly and particularly Larissa.

Jason of Pherai destroys the walls of Herakleia Trachineia to ease passage into the rest of Greece.

Alexander of Pherai murders his uncle Polyphron and takes the throne of Pherai.

Alexander II intervenes in Thessaly to support the city of Larissa against the tyrant Alexander of Pherae.

Alexander of Pherai massacres the inhabitants of Skotussa.

With Theban power down after the death of Epaminondas, Alexander of Pherai takes Tinos and sells the inhabitants as slaves, then besieges Peparethos. Athens defeats Alexander near Sounion and relieves Peparethos. Alexander then plunders Piraios.

Alexander of Pherai is murdered by the brothers of his wife Thebes, Teisiphon, Lykophron and Peitholaos at Pherai.

Parmenion, a general of Philip II, destroys Halos during the Third Sacred War.

A food crisis erupts in the Greek world that was likely caused by Alexander the Great’s campaigns in the East, which disrupted traditional trade routes. Kyrene sends grain to many cities including Athens, Sparta, Rhodes, Thebes, Argos, and Atrax.

Antipater barricaded in Herakleia Trachineia by Athens during the Lamian War.

The Lamian War breaks out, pitting Athens, Thebes, Megara, Argos, and the Aetolian League against Antipater of Macedon.

Antipater and Krateros defeat Athens and the Aetolian League at the Battle of Krannon.

Antipater forced to retreat to Lamia and is there besieged.

Demetrios Poliorketes pushes Kassander out of Athens and chases him to Herakleia Trachineia, who submit to him.

Halos is refounded by Demetrios Poliorketes.

Demetrias founded by Demetrios I Poliorketes, who moved the inhabitants of Neleia, Pagasai, Ormenion, Rhizos, Sepias, Olizon, Boebe, and Iolkos to create it.

The Aetolian League obtains Herakleia Trachineia, giving them control over the pass of Thermopylae.

The Romans under T. Quinctius Flamininus besieges Atrax, but fail to take it.

Amynander, King of the Athamanes, in cooperation with the Romans, takes Gomphoi.

The Aetolian League aids Rome in defeating Philip V in the Battle of Cynoscephalae. Philip pauses for a day at Gonnos for troops who had survived the battle. Several hundred soldiers from Gortyna participate on the Roman side.

The Romans seize Demetrias and put a garrison in the town.

Antiochos III takes Atrax, by then a Roman stronghold.

Control of Demetrias returns to Philip V. The Romans arrive at Gonnos.

Aetolians are besieged in Herakleia Trachineia by Acilius Glabrio. After 21 days the town is taken.

Perseus of Macedon fortifies Gonnos.

The Romans defeat Philip V at the Battle of Pydna. Many cities, including Demetrias, fall under Roman rule.

Julius Caesar, having been repulsed at Dyrrhachion, arrives at Gomphoi but they bar their gates. He takes the city by force.