Chelys

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The chelys is an ancient stringed musical instrument that holds a significant place in the music and culture of ancient Greece. Known primarily for its association with the lyre, the chelys was considered one of the earliest string instruments in Greek history. Its name, which is derived from the Greek word “χελύς” (khelus), refers to its construction, as it was traditionally made using the shell of a tortoise as the resonating body. The shell, often hollowed out, would be fitted with strings made from animal gut or silk, which were stretched across a bridge to create sound. The chelys could be played with a plectrum, or sometimes plucked with fingers.

The chelys is often linked with the myth of Hermes, who, in some versions of the myth, is credited with creating the first lyre using a tortoise shell. After discovering the shell, Hermes fashioned the instrument and, in turn, presented it to Apollo, who later became its divine patron. The chelys is thus closely associated with Apollo, the god of music, and his ability to bring harmony through music. Over time, the chelys evolved into a variety of different forms, including the more sophisticated lyra and kithara, but its simpler design continued to be appreciated, particularly in smaller, more intimate settings, and among early Greek musicians.

The chelys held symbolic meaning beyond its musical properties. In the ancient Greek world, music was not just a form of entertainment, but an important aspect of religious rituals, education, and social life. The chelys, as a precursor to more advanced string instruments, represented the early development of musical tradition. It was also linked to Dionysus, the god of wine and revelry, whose cult and celebrations often involved music, dance, and poetry, all of which the chelys accompanied. Furthermore, the instrument was featured in poetic and mythological references, often used by gods and heroes to signify connection to the divine or the natural world.