Ancient Coin Stories

Heraia signs a treaty with Eleian cities for mutual protection and support for 100 years.

Sparta defeats Tegea and compels them to recognize their supremacy.

Death of Battos III of Kyrene, who with Demonax of Mantineia had reformed Kyrene’s constitution. Arkesilaos III becomes king.

Arkesilaos III of Kyrene wishes to revert the laws setup by Demonax of Mantineia. This leads to armed conflict where he is defeated and flees to Samos.

The Battle of Thermopylae. Soldiers from Sparta, Mantinea, Tegea, Orchomenos (Arkadia), Corinth, Phlious, Thespiai, Phokis, Opuntian Lokris, and other cities are overrun by the Persians at a huge cost.

Tegea is defeated by Sparta.

Argos organizes an alliance with Mantinea, Corinth, Elis, and Thebes against Athens and Sparta.

Sparta and their allies Tegea defeat Athens and their allies Argos, Mantineia, Kleonai, and Aegina in the Battle of Mantineia. As part of the truce, Argos gives up its alliance with Athens and Elis, Orchomenos is given to Sparta, and Athens is evicted from Epidauros.

Sparta deposits hostages at Orchomenos, but when the army of Athens approaches, they are quickly given up.

The Sicilian expedition of Athens against Syracuse departs. Ainos, Argos, Mantineia, and Elis provide support. Akragas remains neutral.

King Agis of Sparta falls sick at Heraia. He is brought back to Lakedaimon, where he dies.

The Temple of Athena Alea in Tegea burns down.

Sparta and their allies, including Sikyon and Tegea, defeat Athens and their allies at the Battle of Nemea. On Athens side are Thebes, Lokris Opuntii, and Corinth. With Sparta are Halieis, Sikyon, Epidauros, Troizen, and Hermione. Phlious remains neutral. Pellene fights on the side of Sparta against Thespiai.

Iphikrates of Athens defeats Phlious.

Iphikrates of Athens regains the long walls of Corinth and advances against Phlious and Sikyon.

Sparta uses the Peace of Antalkidas to break Mantineia into multiple villages.

Mantineia is defeated by Sparta and the city is destroyed and split up.

Phlious accepts exiles from their city under threat from Sparta.

Agesilaos of Sparta lays siege to Phlious.

Sparta finally takes Phlious after a siege of 20 months, resets the government, and creates a new constitution.

Kleitor is at war with Orchomenos.

Agesilaos executes an expedition against Thebes, with support from Sikyon and Phlious.

Megalopolis is founded by the Arkadian League as a counterweight to Sparta.

The Spartans in Tegea are expelled and Tegea joins the Arkadian League.

The territory of Heraia is laid waste by Arcadian cities due to Heraia’s support for Sparta.

The Theban general Epaminondas intervenes in Arcadia to support the Arcadian League and the newly founded city of Megalopolis. Heraia is pressured to join the Arcadian League but maintains a pro-Spartan stance.

Athenian forces under Chares relieve Phlious, which was besieged by Arkadians and Argives.

Sikyon helps Argos in a war against Phlious.

Arkadians under Aineas of Stymphalos march to Sikyon and send Euphron into flight.

Epaminondas and Boeotia defeat Sparta at the Battle of Mantinea. However, the death of Epaminondas would spell Thebes‘ downfall. On the side of Thebes were Tegea, Argos, Messene, Sikyon, and the Aenianians. On the side of Sparta were Heraia, Athens, Elis, and Mantinea.

Dissolution of the Arkadian League, which had previously founded Megalopolis.

Sparta attempts to destroy Megalopolis, but the city is rescued by Thebes.

King Agis III of Sparta revolts from Macedonia and besieges Megalopolis, forcing Antipater to act.

Antipater defeats the Spartans under Agis III at Megalopolis. The Macedonians take many casualties, but Agis is killed.

Polyperchon issues a decree to restore democratic governments in all cities to reduce the allure of Kassander. Those exiled due to this may return, with the exception of Amphissa, Pharkadon, Herakleia Pontika, Trikka, and Megalopolis.

Polyperchon fails to take Megalopolis in a siege, which emboldens other cities against him.

Apollonides, a general of Kassander, takes Stymphalos.

Orchomenos is taken by Kassander from Polyperchon.

Demetrios Poliorketes seizes Epidauros, Sikyon, Corinth, Bura, Argos, and Orchomenos.

Heraia joins the Aetolian League.

he Achaean League is revived, with Aegira, Heraia, Patrai, and Dyme active members.

Aristodamos the Good is installed as Tyrant of Megalopolis by Antigonos II Gonatas.

The Spartans under Akrotatos invade Megalopolis, but are defeated by Aristodamos the Good. Akrotatos is killed.

Aristodamos the Good, the tyrant of Megalopolis, is assassinated and the city returns to a democracy.

Lydiades becomes tyrant of Megalopolis.

Orchomenos is taken by Kleomenes III of Sparta.

Lydiades steps down as tyrant of Megalopolis and joins the city to the Achaian League.

Orchomenos switches from the Aetolian League to the Achaian League.

The Spartans under King Kleomenes III defeat the Achaian League under Aratos of Sikyon (and including Argos and Megalopolis) in the Battle of Dyme.

Kleomenes of Sparta takes Pellene and Pheneos.

Mantineia is sacked by Antigonos III Doson. The city is handed over to Aratos of Sikyon, who repopulates it and renames it to Antigonia.

Orchomenos is occupied by the Macedonians under Antigonos III Doson, who places a garrison there.

Tegea is taken by Antigonos II Doson and annexed to the Achaian League.

Kleitor repulses an attack by the Aetolian League.

The Social War begins, pitting members of the Achaian League, including Aegira, Patrai, Dyme, Bura, Sikyon, Corinth, Megalopolis, Messenia, Argos, Elis, and Macedon, against Sparta under King Kleomenes III, who were supported by the Aetolian League and Athens.

Psophis is taken by Philip V.

All of Tegea, except the Akropolis, is taken by the Spartan general Lykorgos.

The Achaian League is defeated by Rome at the Battle of Skarpheia. Corinth is destroyed and Dyme, Patrai, Sikyon, Bura, Megalopolis, Thebes, Pellene, and Aegira come under the control of Rome.

Hadrian restores the Temple of Poseidon Hippios in Mantinea and changes the city’s name back to Mantinea (from Antigoneia).