Incuse Square

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The incuse square is a distinctive feature found on certain ancient Greek coinage, particularly in the early periods of coin minting. The incuse square refers to a recessed area or depressed square that is usually located on the reverse side of the coin. It is characterized by a design or pattern that is sunken or engraved into the surface of the coin, making the imagery or inscriptions appear as though they are set into the metal rather than raised above it. This feature was particularly prominent on coins minted in the 5th and 6th centuries BCE.

The reason for the incuse square’s appearance is tied to the striking method used in ancient coin production. In the earliest stages of coin minting, the dies used to strike the coins were simple, and the coins were typically hammered between two dies. The incuse square was often used as a design element to help ensure the coin’s authenticity and reduce the risk of counterfeiting. By creating a recessed image on one side, the minting process left a unique, identifiable feature that could be difficult to replicate, offering a form of security for the coin’s owner.

Aegina, Attica 350-338 BCE Aegina, Islands off Attica 360-350 BCE Aegina, Islands off Attica 370-350 BCE Alexander I 420 BCE Amphipolis 357-353 BCE Amyntas III 393-369 BCE Bizye, Thrace 405-387 BCE Chersonesos, Caria 480-450 BCE Chersonesos, Thrace 386-338 BCE Darius III 375-340 BCE Gongylos 450-400 BCE Melos, Cyclades 3rd-1st century BCE Myrmekion, Cimmerian Bosporos 470-460 BCE Naxos, Cyclades 520-470 BCE Neandria, Troas 350 BCE Olous, Crete 300-270 BCE Sanballat 375-333 BCE Saratokos 407-369 BCE Straton of Sidon 337/36 BCE Tenedos, Troas 450-387 BCE