Concordia
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Concordia was the Roman goddess embodying harmony, unity, and agreement, both in public and private life. She was a central figure in Roman religious and civic life, symbolizing the essential value of concord between citizens, families, and political factions. Her presence underscored the importance of collaboration and mutual respect in maintaining the stability of the Roman state and its institutions.
In the public sphere, Concordia represented political unity and the reconciliation of opposing parties. This was particularly vital in a society often beset by internal conflicts, such as between the patricians and plebeians or during periods of civil war. Temples dedicated to Concordia were erected in Rome, often following moments of reconciliation or peace. For instance, the Temple of Concord in the Roman Forum was built in 367 BCE to commemorate the resolution of tensions between the patrician and plebeian classes after the passage of the Licinian-Sextian laws. Such dedications reinforced the idea that harmony was divinely sanctioned and essential for the prosperity of the state.
In addition to her civic role, Concordia had a more personal aspect, representing harmony within families and relationships. She was often invoked in marriage and household contexts, where mutual understanding and cooperation were seen as crucial to maintaining order and happiness. In this sense, Concordia bridged the gap between public and private life, emphasizing that societal peace began with individual relationships.
On Roman coinage, Concordia was a popular motif, often depicted as a seated or standing figure holding symbols such as a patera (libation dish) and a cornucopia, representing peace and abundance. Sometimes, she was shown with clasped hands or paired with the legend “CONCORDIA,” underscoring the theme of unity. These coins were often issued during times of political alliance, peace treaties, or dynastic marriages, serving as visual propaganda to assure the public of the state’s stability and cohesion.
 Aquilia Severa (second and fourth wife of Elagabalus) AR Denarius 2.81g, 18mm, 7h. Rome, 220-222 CE IVLIA AQVILIA SEVERA AVG, draped bust to right CONCORDIA, Concordia standing facing, head to left, holding patera over lighted altar and double cornucopiae; star in left field. RIC IV 225 (Elagabalus); BMCRE 185 (Elagabalus); RSC 2a. Ex Vitangelo Collection |
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