Ancient Greek warriors, especially those in the classical period, wore distinctive outfits that were both functional for combat and symbolized their societal status and role. The primary garment of Greek warriors was the chiton, a tunic made of linen or wool, which was worn by both men and women in various forms. For warriors, the chiton was often shorter, allowing for greater mobility. Over the chiton, soldiers wore various pieces of armor and protective gear designed for battle.

One of the most iconic pieces of equipment for Greek warriors was the hoplite armor. Hoplites were heavily armored infantrymen, and their distinctive armor consisted of a bronze cuirass, which protected the torso, often in the form of a muscle cuirass that emphasized the warrior’s physique. Over their torsos, hoplites also wore greaves to protect their legs, which were typically made of bronze or leather. The armor was completed with a helm, usually made of bronze, with a distinctive crest often made of horsehair or feathers, which made the warrior appear taller and more imposing.

The most important piece of weaponry for Greek hoplites was the dory, a long spear typically about 7–9 feet in length. This spear was used both for thrusting in close combat and for throwing at enemies. In addition to the dory, warriors also carried a xiphos, a short sword used as a backup weapon in close-quarters combat. The shield (often referred to as the aspis or hoplon) was a defining feature of Greek warriors, particularly hoplites. The round shield, made of wood and bronze, was large enough to protect the body and could be used to strike or push enemies in battle.