The 10,000 Dateline

445 BCE

Tissaphernes is born.

440 BCE

Approximate birth of Tiribazos.

436 BCE

Estimated birth year of Artaxerxes II to Parysatis and Darius II.

425 BCE

Approximate birth year of Ataxerxes III Okhos to Artaxerxes II and Queen Stateira.

424 BCE

Darius II, the father of Artaxerxes II, ascends the throne of Persia.

414 BCE

Tissaphernes suppresses the rebellion of Pissuthnes against Darius II.

413 BCE

Pharnabazos is first recorded as satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia.

412 BCE

Under Darius I’s orders, Tissaphernes allies with Sparta over Athens and re-occupies most of the Ionian coast.

412 BCE

Archeptolis, who controls Magnesia ad Maeander, is removed, possibly by Tissaphernes.

411 BCE

Iasos is governed by Amorges, a Persian who had achieved independence from Persia. Iasos is attacked by Spartans, who deliver Amorges to Tissaphernes and plunder the city.

410 BCE

Pharnabazos orders ships built at Antandros. At the same time, Syracuse helps Antandros finish its city wall, resulting in citizen privileges for Syracusans there. When the ships are complete, Pharnabazos sails for Kalchedon.

409 BCE-
408 BCE

Abydos attacked by Athens but repelled by Pharnabazos.

408 BCE

Darius II removes Tissaphernes as a general, though he remains satrap of Caria.

404 BCE

Cyrus the Younger attempts to kill his brother Artaxerxes II at his coronation. Artaxerxes is prevented from killing Cyrus by their mother, so he instead sends him to Asia Minor. Tissaphernes is responsible for divulging the plot.

404 BCE

The Athenian exile Alkibiades is executed at his house in Persia, possibly at the order of Pharnabazos.

404 BCE

Death of Darius II. His son Artaxerxes II becomes king of Persia.

401 BCE

The army of Cyrus the Younger defeats that of Artaxerxes II at the Battle of Cunaxa at Babylon. However, Cyrus the Younger is killed. Orontas participates as the satrap of Armenia.

401 BCE

Tissaphernes tricks the leaders of the 10,000 into joining him for a dinner, then arrests and decapitates them.

401 BCE

Syennesis receives gifts from Cyrus the Younger after his troops sack his capital of Tarsos.

400 BCE

Pharnabazos is a major adversary of the 10,000 on their journey home.

400 BCE

The wife of Artaxerxes II, Stateira, is poisoned by his mother, Parysatis.

399 BCE

Xenophon mentions that the ruler of Gambrion and Gryneion is Gorgion, son of Gorgylos.

399 BCE-
397 BCE

Deryklidas of Sparta supports the Ionian Greeks against the Persians. He besieges Atarneos for eight months until they accept his terms and takes Hamaxitos, Kolonai, and Ilion. This ends in an armistice with Pharnabazos.

399 BCE

Xenophon receives support from Prokles when he arrives in Mysia.

398 BCE

During a battle between Deryklidas of Sparta and Pharnabazos with Tissaphernes, men from Priene and Achilleion fighting with the Spartans fled. Hamaxitos and Larissa-Ptolemais thus receive their freedom again.

396 BCE

The Spartans under Agesilaos II attack and Persia. Artaxerxes II retaliates by bribing Corinth, Thebes, and Athens to make war on Sparta.

395 BCE

Tissaphernes is lured out and killed at Kolossai by Tithraustes, supported by Pharnabazos and Parysatis, the mother of Artaxerxes II.

394 BCE

The Spartan admiral Peisander is defeated and killed by a fleet headed by Pharnabazos and former Athenian admiral Konon at the Battle of Knidos.

393 BCE

Pharnabazos establishes a naval base at Melos.

393 BCE

Pharnabazos travels to Corinth and provides them with funds to rebuild their fleet, then he provides Athens the funds to rebuild their long walls.

392 BCE

Tiribazos provides funds to rebuild the Spartan fleet to contend with Athens.

390 BCE

Iphikrates marries the daughter of Kotys I.

387 BCE

Peace of Antalkidas, arranged by Artaxerxes II, is signed in Susa, ending the Corinthian War. Abydos, Aigai, Kalchedon, Kaunos, Klazomenai, Kyzikos, Parion, Samos, and Adramytteion become part of the Persian Empire.

386 BCE

Orontas is made a commander with Tiribazos against Evagoras I in Cyprus.

386 BCE

Amyntas III adopts the Athenian general Iphikrates, who has marriage ties to Kotys I.

382 BCE

Orontas and Tiribazos defeat Evagoras I at Kition.

377 BCE

Pharnabazos is reassigned by Artaxerxes II to lead an expedition into Egypt against Nektanebo I.

375 BCE

Kotys I supports the Triballi in an attack on Abdera.

373 BCE

The Egyptian campaign under Pharnabazos fails.

372 BCE

Many Persian satraps revolt against Artaxerxes II.

371 BCE

The Athenian general Iphikrates flees to Antissa after falling out of favor with his father-in-law Kotys I.

370 BCE

Approximate death of Tiribazos.

368 BCE

Persia under Artaxerxes II provides funds to Sparta to continue the Spartan-Theban war. They probably also provide funds to Athens.

367 BCE

Artaxerxes II attempts to mediate between the Greek states. He proposes a settlement that highly favors Thebes and leaves Messene free. All states except for Thebes reject it.

365 BCE

Spithridates is appointed the satrap of Lydia by Artaxerxes II.

362 BCE

Orontas takes a leadership role in the Great Satraps Revolt. He then switches his allegiance to Artaxerxes II. He uses Pergamon as his base.

362 BCE

The Great Satraps Revolt is finally crushed by Artaxerxes II.

361 BCE

Kotys I besieges Sestos.

360 BCE

Kotys I is murdered in Thrace. Amatokos II becomes king.

360 BCE

Kersebleptes inherits the Odrysian throne from Kotys I.

358 BCE

Death of Artaxerxes II.

354 BCE

Orontas revolts again and takes Pergamon. He eventually reconciles with Artaxerxes III and ends the revolt.

344 BCE

Death of Orontas.