In warfare, the Greeks relied on horses in a more limited capacity compared to other cultures, such as the cavalry of the Persians. However, the cavalry did play a critical role in certain battles, particularly in skirmishes or in supporting infantry units. Greek cavalrymen were typically mounted on horses, often armed with javelins or spears, and were used for scouting, flanking, and harassing enemy lines. Notably, the Greek city-state of Thessaly became renowned for its skilled cavalry, and horse riding in the region became emblematic of prestige and military prowess.

Horse riding also had a significant place in Greek athletics and religious practices. The most famous examples of equestrian events were the horse races held at the Olympic Games and other Panhellenic festivals. These races, known as the tethrippon, featured four-horse chariots, and they were a major event in the Greek sporting calendar. In addition to chariot racing, there were also horseback riding competitions, particularly in the later stages of Greek athletic festivals. These events required skill, agility, and control of the horses, and the victors were celebrated with honors and prizes.

For the Greek elite, owning and riding horses was a sign of status and wealth. Horses were expensive to acquire and maintain, so only the aristocracy could afford to keep them. This made horse riding not only a functional skill but also an important part of a nobleman’s identity. The relationship between riders and horses was also depicted in Greek art, where scenes of horsemanship and equestrian statues were common, symbolizing both human achievement and the beauty of the animals.