The plectrum was a small, flat tool used in ancient Greece and Rome to play stringed instruments, particularly the lyre and the kithara. It was an essential accessory for musicians and was used to pluck the strings of these instruments, producing a resonant sound. The plectrum was typically made from a variety of materials, including wood, bone, ivory, and metal, depending on the time period, region, and the musician’s social status. Its design was often small and compact, with one end typically rounded or pointed for plucking, while the other end was sometimes flattened for a more controlled grip.

In ancient Greece, the plectrum was often associated with the practice of music and was regarded as a tool that required skill to use effectively. The lyre, a popular instrument in Greek music, was often played with the plectrum, and it became symbolic of cultural pursuits such as poetry, philosophy, and the arts. The importance of the plectrum in Greek society was underscored by its appearance in artistic depictions, where it was shown as a common accessory in the hands of musicians, poets, and even gods, such as Apollo, who was often depicted playing the lyre.

In Roman times, the plectrum continued to be used for similar musical purposes, particularly for playing the kithara, an advanced version of the lyre. The plectrum became an integral part of Roman musical culture, especially in the context of public performances, religious ceremonies, and entertainment. Some Roman writings also mention the plectrum in relation to formalized music education, indicating that the skill of playing stringed instruments with this tool was highly regarded in Roman society.