The most iconic example of the owl on Greek coinage is the Athenian tetradrachm, often referred to as “owls” in antiquity. These silver coins typically displayed the head of Athena on the obverse and an owl perched alongside an olive branch and the Greek letters “ΑΘΕ” (short for “Athens”) on the reverse. The olive branch further symbolized peace and prosperity, reflecting the city’s dedication to Athena and its economic strength. The tetradrachm’s widespread circulation made the owl a symbol not only of Athens but also of stability and trust in commerce throughout the Mediterranean.

Owls were regarded as creatures of insight and vigilance in ancient Greek thought, often linked to their nocturnal nature and ability to see in the dark. This association with vision extended metaphorically to wisdom and the ability to discern hidden truths. For Athenians, the owl embodied the ideals of rational thought and intellectual clarity, central tenets of their cultural identity. The presence of the owl on coins served as a reminder of these values, reinforcing the city’s connection to knowledge and strategic foresight.