Karystos was considered one of the four main cities of Euboia, along with Eretria, Chalkis, and Histaia. The city took part in the Trojan War under its king Nauplios. The ancient boxer Glaukos, who won in the Olympic games, was from Glaukos.
The city was destroyed in the first Persian invasion, so they allied with Xerxes in the second attempt and were punished by the rest of Greece for this by being forced into a confederacy with Athens. In 338 BCE, the Macedonians under Philip II took control.
The comic dramatist Apollodoros and the sculptor and writer Antigonos were from Karystos.