The petasos was a distinctive wide-brimmed hat commonly worn in ancient Greece and other parts of the ancient world, including Macedonia. In Macedonia, the petasos was typically associated with the everyday attire of both common people and soldiers, though it became especially symbolic of the Macedonian military, particularly under the reign of Philip II and his son, Alexander the Great.

The petasos was made of felt or leather and had a wide, circular brim, designed to provide protection from the sun and rain. This practicality made it ideal for long journeys, and it was frequently worn by travelers, merchants, and those involved in military campaigns. For soldiers, the petasos was often worn in combination with armor and other military gear, providing a functional and protective accessory during battle or while on the march.

One of the most iconic images of the petasos comes from depictions of Alexander the Great and his companions. It was a part of their military uniform, symbolizing the practical and mobile nature of the Macedonian army, known for its ability to move quickly and decisively in battle. The petasos was particularly useful in cavalry units, where it shielded riders from the elements during long marches and provided a clear visual identification for troops.

In addition to its military use, the petasos also had a cultural and religious significance in ancient Greece and Macedonia. It was sometimes associated with the god Hermes, the messenger of the gods, who was often depicted wearing a winged petasos.